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摘要: 为进一步降低电磁探测系统中电场传感器的极差漂移与本底噪声, 提升电场测量精度, 本文通过研究极差漂移和本底噪声的产生机理, 明确了电场传感器的设计需求, 攻克了基于Ag-AgCl体系的石墨烯基稳定电解质凝胶制备工艺, 优化设计了基于高分子微孔隔膜的多仓式、多触角电极结构, 研制了低极差漂移、低噪声的石墨烯基电场传感器。该传感器利用石墨烯的离子保持能力, 结合反应区、过渡区、缓冲区3区分立的多仓式结构, 减缓了内部离子扩散速率, 从而降低了因离子浓度变化而引起的极差漂移。利用石墨烯的导电能力降低了电场传感器的内阻, 通过多触角增强与大地的接触, 降低了电场传感器的接触电阻, 从而降低了电场传感器的本底噪声。所研制的石墨烯基电场传感器极差漂移不超过20 μV/24 h, 本底噪声不高于在黑龙江多宝山地区开展了24小时野外大地电磁探测试验, 获取了0.000 125～320 Hz频段的高质量电场数据, 视电阻率相位曲线与商用电极测量结果一致, 验证了石墨烯基电场传感器的野外工作有效性。Abstract: This study aims to enhance the measurement accuracy of the electric field by reducing the range shifting and background noise of electric field sensors in the electromagnetic detection system. First, it ascertained the design requirements of electric field sensors by investigating the mechanisms of the range drift and background noise. Second, it established the Ag-AgCl-based preparation process for graphene-based stable electrolyte gel. Third, it optimized the multi-cell multi-contactor electrode structure based on polymeric microporous membranes. Finally, it developed a graphene-based electric field sensor characterized by low range drift and background noise. This sensor can retard internal ion diffusion by leveraging the ion retention ability of graphene and the multi-cell structure composed of reaction, transition, and buffer zones. Consequently, the range drift caused by changes in the ion concentration is reduced. The internal and contact resistance of this sensor can be reduced through the conductive ability of graphene and the enhanced contact with the ground via multiple contactors, respectively, thereby reducing the sensor's background noise. The graphene-based electric field sensor developed in this study shows range drift not exceeding 20 μV/24 h, and background noise not above 25 nV/√Hz. This sensor was applied to a 24 h field magnetotelluric sounding test conducted in the Duobaoshan area, Heilongjiang Province, yielding high-quality electric field data in the frequency band of 0.000 125~320 Hz, with the apparent resistivity phase curve aligning with the result of commercial electrodes. Therefore, the graphene-based electric field sensor proves effective in fieldwork.
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Key words:
- electromagnetic detection /
- electric field sensor /
- graphene /
- low range drift /
- low noise
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