摘要:
岩溶区尾矿库渗漏是矿山引发环境污染的主要途径之一,其形成机理复杂、治理难度大,已成为矿业开发中的重大隐患.岩溶区尾矿库渗漏是复杂的、多因素共同作用的结果.渗漏虽然受多种因素的影响,但其发生主要是由上部附加应力作用、下部岩溶发育程度和地下水侵蚀(掏蚀)作用3个影响因素决定.文章在总结和分析前人研究的基础上,结合北山铅锌矿尾矿库最新调查成果,通过调查分析尾矿库的地质构造、岩溶发育特征、工程地质条件、水文地质条件等因素,对影响尾矿库渗漏的3个主要因素逐一分解,研究了深层与浅层渗漏的形成机理与破坏机制,结果表明尾砂堆积、高水头压力等产生的附加应力导致了库底岩土体支撑应力的破坏,频繁、大幅度的水位波动以及地下水侵蚀(掏蚀)作用产生的负压效应引发岩溶管道的连通,是导致尾矿库渗漏的主要原因.通过螺栓堵塞技术、配制有机充填材料封堵渗漏通道、地下水引流、坡面防护等措施对渗漏区进行了治理,取得了较好的防渗效果.
关键词:
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岩溶区
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尾矿库
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渗漏
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防治技术
Abstract:
The tailing pond leakage in karst area is one of the main reasons which cause environment pollution by mining.Because the impact mechanisms are complex and the governance is difficult,it has become a major hidden danger in mining development.This work took the tailing pond of the Beishan lead-zinc mine as the research area.The formation and failure mechanisms of deep and shallow leakage were studied through investigating and analyzing the geological structure of tailings,karst development characteristic,engineering geologic conditions,hydrogeological conditions and other factors in the karst area.The results show that the main reason of tailing pond leakage is the bottom rock-soil mass penetrated by high voltage.The leakage areas are harnessed by bolt plugged technique,leak paths sealed by organic filling materials,groundwater diverted,slope surfaces protected,among other measures.After engineering treatment,it proves that the antiseepage result of the leakage area is good.
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