Feasibility study on dam and reservoir construction in the catchment area of complex karst water system: Taking Pucha Reservoir of Beipan River as an example
-
摘要:
北盘江流域沿线山高谷深，岩溶水文地质条件复杂，局部区域水资源短缺，岩溶渗漏问题成为水利水电工程建设的瓶颈。文章综合地质调查测绘、钻探及物探、水文地质试验、岩溶水系统分析、地下水均衡分析等方法，论证了PCH水库不会发生邻谷渗漏及绕坝基深部的岩溶管道型渗漏，但发生溶隙型渗漏的可能性较大。采用有限元法模拟溶隙渗漏显示：随着T1yn1-1灰岩溶蚀率的增大，坝基抗滑稳定系数稍有降低，潜在失稳模式为后缘剪断T1yn1-2岩体，前缘沿T1yn1-2层内岩屑夹泥型软弱结构面剪出；坝基渗漏量呈线性增加，T1yn1-1灰岩溶隙密集带为坝基主要渗漏区。当溶隙密集带沿T1yn1-1灰岩与T1yn1-2泥灰岩接触带水平发育且集中分布时，坝基抗滑稳定系数将明显减小，坝基渗漏量将明显增大；当溶隙密集带垂直发育、分散发育或主要分布于坝后区域时，其对坝基抗滑稳定及坝基渗漏量影响微弱。岩溶水文地质分析及数值模拟均显示，复杂岩溶水系统势汇区下游区域多以溶隙渗漏为主，其工程影响有限，具备建坝成库条件。
Abstract:The topographic and geological conditions in the basin of Beipan River are complex with high mountains and deep valleys on both banks, strong karst development and deeply buried groundwater.Consequently, water resources are in great shortage in this area. The construction of water conservancy projects can effectively solve the problem of water shortage. However, karst leakage has become a difficult problem restricting the construction. By comprehensively using the methods of geological survey and mapping, drilling and geophysical exploration, hydrogeological test, karst water system analysis and groundwater balance analysis, this paper demonstrates that a leakage to the adjacent valley or along the karst pipeline deep under the dam foundation will not occur in the Pucha reservoir, but the possibility of solution crack leakage is great. The finite element method is used to simulate the solution crack leakage and analyze the engineering impact. Results show that with the increase of the dissolution rate of T1yn1-1 limestone, the anti-sliding stability coefficient of the dam foundation decreases slightly, and there is an inverse correlation between them. The regression equation is y1=−0.081x +2.678. The potential instability mode of the dam foundation is that the T1yn1-2 marl rock mass is sheared at the upstream, and the bottom is sheared along the gently inclined upstream with weak structural plane of rock debris mixed with mud in T1yn1-2 layer. With the increase of dissolution rate of T1yn1-1 limestone, the leakage of dam foundation increases significantly, and there is a positive correlation between them. The regression equation is y2=120.3x+224.8. The concentrated belt of solution crack is the main leakage area of dam foundation. When the concentrated belt develops horizontally and distributes intensively along the contact belt between T1yn1-1 limestone and T1yn1-2 marl, the anti-sliding stability coefficient of dam foundation will significantly reduce and the leakage of dam foundation will significantly increase.Therefore, the concentrated belt should be treated as a key area. When the concentrated belt is vertically developed, dispersed or mainly distributed in the area behind the dam, it has little impact on the anti-sliding stability and leakage of the dam foundation, and can be used as a secondary treatment area. Karst hydrogeological analysis and numerical simulation show that in complex karst areas, after groundwater is discharged from the surface in the potential catchment area, it mainly influxes in the form of runoff to the downstream river channel, and the vertical infiltration of water flow is relatively weak, so it is difficult to form karst pipelines bypassing the anti-seepage curtain and connecting the upstream and downstream in the deep part of the riverbed. The leakage form of dam foundation is mainly solution crack leakage, and its engineering impact is limited. Therefore, the catchment area of karst groundwater is suitable for dam and reservoir construction. In addition, according to the spatial distribution characteristics of the concentrated belt of solution crack, the targeted treatment of zoning grouting can improve the treatment efficiency and save investment.
-
Key words:
- reservoir leakage /
- concentrated belt of solution crack /
- karst /
- numerical simulation /
- Beipan River
-
-
表 1 工程区岩溶基本特征统计表
Table 1. Statistics of the basic karst features in the project area
编号 分布位置 出口高程/m 流量/L·s−1 汛期 枯期 极枯 S1 普岔河干支汇合处 990 75 50 17 S2 滴水沟左岸1#冲沟上游 1 017 5 1 0 S3 左岸1号冲沟源头 1 125 2 1 0 S4 坝轴线右岸上游侧 1 019 5 1 0 S5 岩溶盲谷左岸后坡 1 004 15 15 15 KS1 坝轴线右岸 1 130 10 3 0 KS2 滴水沟左岸吊水岩 1 100 50 10 0.5 KS3 坝轴线左岸 1 035 8 3 0 KS4 坝轴线左岸 995 5 2 0 KS7 坝址下游暗河出口 851 300 200 40 KS8 坝址下游岩溶管道出口 900 12 5 1.5 KS9 岩溶盲谷内侧右壁 945 7 2 0 
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 工程区岩溶水系统区划表
Table 2. Division of the karst water system in the project area
编号 地层 岩性 分布位置 发育岩溶统计 Ⅰ T1yn1-1 灰岩 库区 S1、S2、KS2 Ⅱ T1yn1-3+4 泥质灰岩 坝址左岸 S3、S5、KS3、KS4 Ⅲ T1yn1-3+4 泥质灰岩 坝址右岸 S4、KS1 Ⅳ T1yn1-1 灰岩 坝址下游 K5-KS7、K6-KS8 Ⅴ T1yn1-1 灰岩 河床深部 潜在岩溶渗漏通道
下载: 导出CSV
表 3 岩土体物理力学参数建议值表
Table 3. Physical and mechanical parameters of rock and soil
地层 类别 物质成分 密度
/g·cm−3抗剪断强度 渗透系数
/cm·s−1tgϕ c/Kpa T1yn1-1 岩体 灰岩 2.65 1.00 850 10−4 T1yn1-2 岩体 泥灰岩 2.60 0.80 650 10−5 层面 岩屑夹泥 2.15 0.45 50 10−3 T1f 岩体 泥页岩 2.55 0.65 550 10−6 Qal 冲积 砂卵砾石 2.20 0.45 0 10−2 Ql 湖积 淤泥质粉土 2.15 0.25 10 10−5 Qcol 崩积 块碎石土 2.20 0.55 10 10−1
下载: 导出CSV
表 4 溶蚀率模拟计算结果表
Table 4. Simulation results of the karst fissure rate
溶蚀率/% 0 10 20 25 30 40 50 Fs 2.678 2.668 2.663 2.660 2.656 2.643 2.638 Q/m3·d−1 225.0 236.3 248.5 257.0 261.0 275.0 283.5
下载: 导出CSV
表 5 溶隙密集带形态模拟结果表
Table 5. Simulation results with different karst fissure forms
发育
形态水平
分散
坝前垂直
分散
坝前分散
水平
坝前集中
水平
坝前坝前
水平
分散坝后
水平
分散Fs 2.660 2.670 2.665 2.630 2.653 2.698 Q/m3·d−1 257.0 232.0 240.0 291.5 237.5 243.0
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] 沈春勇, 余波, 郭维祥. 水利水电工程岩溶勘察与处理[M]. 北京: 中国水利水电出版社, 2015.
SHEN Chunyong, YU Bo, GUO Weixiang. Karst survey and treatment of water conservancy and hydropower engineering [M]. Beijing: China Water & Power Press, 2015.
[2] 韩行瑞. 岩溶水文地质学[M]. 北京: 地质出版社, 2015.
HAN Xingrui. Karst Hydrogeology[M]. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 2015.
[3] 潘欢迎. 岩溶流域水文模型及应用研究[D]. 武汉: 中国地质大学(武汉), 2014.
PAN Huanying. Study and application of hydrologic model in karst basin[D]. Wuhan: China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), 2014.
[4] 石朋, 侯爰冰, 马欣欣, 陈喜, 张志才. 西南喀斯特流域水循环研究进展[J]. 水利水电科技进展, 2012, 32(1):69-73.
SHI Peng, HOU Yuanbing, MA Xinxin, CHEN Xi, ZHANG Zhicai. Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources[J]. Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources, 2012, 32(1):69-73.
[5] 陈静, 罗明明, 廖春来, 马瑞, 周宏, 邹胜章, 陈植华. 中国岩溶湿地生态水文过程研究进展[J]. 地质科技情报, 2019, 38(6):221-230. doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2019.0626
CHEN Jing, LUO Mingming, LIAO Chunlai, MA Rui, ZHOU Hong, ZUO Shengzhang, CHEN Zhihua. Review of eco-hydrological process in karst wetlands of China[J]. Geological Science and Technology Information, 2019, 38(6):221-230. doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2019.0626
[6] 万佳威, 张勤军, 石树静. 岩溶塌陷不确定性预测评价综述[J]. 中国岩溶, 2017, 36(6):764-769. doi: 10.11932/karst20170601
WAN Jiawei, ZHANG Qinjun, SHI Shujing. Overview of uncertainty assessment on karst collapse prediction[J]. Carsologica Sinica, 2017, 36(6):764-769. doi: 10.11932/karst20170601
[7] 任新红. 南广铁路岩溶路基注浆效果检测方法与评价指标研究[D]. 成都: 西南交通大学, 2012.
REN Xinhong. Study on grouting detection method and assessment indicators of karst roadbed grouting effect in Nanning-Guangzhou railway[D]. Chengdu: Southwest Jiaotong University, 2012.
[8] 杨雄兵, 王立志, 刘高, 黄迪, 李京泽, 杨发军. 某水库右坝段坝基渗漏特征及原因分析[J]. 水电能源科学, 2018, 36(11):76-80.
YANG Xiongbing, WANG Lizhi, LIU Gao, HUANG Di, LI Jingze, YANG Fajun. Analysis of seepage characteristics and causes of dam foundation of the right dam of a reservoir[J]. Water Resources and Power, 2018, 36(11):76-80.
[9] 金仁祥. 某水库坝基渗透稳定性研究[J]. 岩土力学, 2004, 25(1):157-159. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-7598.2004.01.034
JIN Renxiang. Study on seepage stability of a gravity dam foundation[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2004, 25(1):157-159. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-7598.2004.01.034
[10] Olivier Kaufmann, John Deceuster, Yves Quinif. An electrical resistivity imaging-based strategy to enable site-scale planning over covered palaeokarst features in the Tournaisis area (Belgium)[J]. Engineering Geology, 2012, 133-134:49-65. doi: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2012.01.017
[11] Asbjornsen H, Goldsmith G R, Alvarado-barrientosl M S, Rebel K, Van Osch F P, Rietkerk M, Chen J, Gotsch S, Tobon C, Geissert D R, Gomez-Tagle A, Vache K, Dawson T E. Ecohydrological advances and applications in plant-water relations research: A review[J]. Journal of Plant Ecology, 2014, (1/2): 3-22.
[12] 李天祺, 彭涛, 郭印. 井间地震层析成像技术在岩溶勘察中的应用[J]. 水文地质工程地质, 2009, 36(6):127-130. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-3665.2009.06.028
LI Tianqi, PENG Tao, GUO Yin. Application of cross-hole seismic computerized tomography technology to karst caves survey[J]. Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology, 2009, 36(6):127-130. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-3665.2009.06.028
[13] 张祯武, 陈志强, 高成城, 任水源. 用示踪探测技术优化岩溶水库防渗设计[J]. 水利水电技术, 2017, 48(2):148-154. doi: 10.13928/j.cnki.wrahe.2017.02.025
ZHANG Zhenwu, CHEN Zhiqiang, GAO Chengcheng, REN Shuiyuan. Tracing detection technique based optimization of anti seepage design for karst reservoir[J]. Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, 2017, 48(2):148-154. doi: 10.13928/j.cnki.wrahe.2017.02.025
[14] 梁添才, 陈清. 高密度电法三极装置在岩溶探测中的应用[J]. 工程地球物理学报, 2019, 16(5):770-774. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-7940.2019.05.035
LIANG Tiancai, CHEN Qing. Application of high-density electrical three-pole device to karst exploration[J]. Chinese Journal of Engineering Geophysics, 2019, 16(5):770-774. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-7940.2019.05.035
[15] 郑克勋, 张国军. 窄巷口水电站左岸防渗线喀斯特渗漏管道探测研究[J]. 贵州水力发电, 2012, 26(2):10-20. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-0133.2012.02.003
ZHENG Kexun, ZHANG Guojun. Study on the detection of karst leakage pipeline along the left bank anti seepage line of Zhaixiangkou hydropower station[J]. Guizhou Water Power, 2012, 26(2):10-20. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-0133.2012.02.003
[16] 赵瑞, 张强, 许模, 张楠. 基于数值模拟的复杂岩溶库区渗漏研究[J]. 南水北调与水利科技, 2016, 14(3):150-155.
ZHAO Rui, ZHANG Qiang, XU Mo, ZHANG Nan. Reservoir leakage of complex karst area based on numerical simulation[J]. South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science& Technology, 2016, 14(3):150-155.
-
图(12)
表(5)
计量
- 文章访问数: 941
- PDF下载数: 44
- 施引文献: 0