A study of reservoir architecture of Dengying formation in Gsoshiti-Moxi area, Sichuan Basin
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摘要:
川中高石梯—磨溪地区是我国迄今为止发现的单体规模最大碳酸盐岩整装气藏，震旦系灯影组受多期构造运动改造的影响，具有成岩和成藏演化复杂的特点。结合野外、岩芯、测井以及生产动态将储层构型划分4种，层状溶洞构型FMI成像测井为高亮背景下暗色斑点顺层分布；葡萄花边状溶洞构型为亮色背景下暗色斑块零星分布；角砾间溶洞构型为高亮背景下暗色斑点、暗色短线状影像杂乱分布；缝洞组合构型为高亮背景下暗色正弦线状影像和暗色斑点分布。层状溶洞构型推测为埋藏期外来酸性流体的溶蚀作用形成，角砾间溶洞构型、缝洞组合构型推测为表生喀斯特岩溶作用形成，葡萄花边状溶洞构型推测为次生成因，海平面下降时形成缝洞体系，海平面上升时海水充填缝洞，形成葡萄花边胶结物。不同储层构型在常规测井特征上也存在差异。通过多测井系列联立建立相应的判别模型，能在一定程度上将4类储层构型进行区分。利用测井构型解释成果，在地震反演约束的条件下开展了灯影组储层构型建模，分别在高石梯地区和磨溪地区，探讨灯四段储层构型平面展布规律。钻井试气结果表明层状溶洞构型厚度对油气产能有一定的控制作用，层状溶洞构型较发育区为勘探潜力较大的区域。
Abstract:There is a largest complete carbonate gas reservoir so far found in the mid of Sichuan Gaoshiti-Moxi area. Influenced by multi-period tectonic movement, this reservoir presents complex characteristics of diagenesis and reservoir formation. Combined with the field, lithologic, logging and production dynamic, the reservoir architecture can be divided into four types. The FMI of layered cavitation configuration shows layered distribution with dark spots on light background; the FMI of grape-lacelike cavitation configuration shows sporadic distribution of dark patches on light background; the FMI of the inter-breccia cavitation configuration shows clutter distribution of dark patches and short line images; and the FMI of cavitation configuration combined with crevices shows distribution of dark sinusoidal line images and patches on light background. The layered cavitation configuration is supposed to be formed by the dissolution of external acidic fluids during the burial period. The inter-breccia cavitation configuration and cavitation configuration combined with crevices are supposed to be formed by supergene karstification, and the grape-lacelike cavitation configuration is presumed to be a secondary cause—When the sea level rises, seawater fills the cracks and holes, forming grape lace cement. Different reservoir configurations are also different in conventional logging characteristics. The establishment of a corresponding discriminant model by multiple logging series can, to a certain extent, distinguish these four types of reservoir configurations.
In this study, the single well logging, the variance function analysis, and the sequential indicator simulation method based on pixel are adopted to carry out the reservoir structure modeling of Dengying formation under the condition of seismic inversion constraint. The distribution law of reservoir configuration in No.4 segment of Dengying Formation in Gaoshiti-Moxi area is discussed. The method of reservoir structure analysis that enriches the methods and studies of carbonate rocks has a wide range of application prospects. The results of drilling gas test show that the thickness of layered cavitation configuration has a certain control effect on oil and gas productivity, and the areas where the layered cavitation configuration is relatively developed are of great exploration potential.
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表 1 高石梯-磨溪地区储层构型划分表
Table 1. Division of reservoir architectures in Gaoshiti-Moxi area
储层构型类型 岩芯 FMI成像测井 常规测井 特征 照片 特征 图片 层状溶洞
构型毫米至厘米级溶洞顺层发育，分布相对均一 
高亮背景下暗色斑点顺层分布 
中－低电阻、深浅电阻幅度差大、低自然伽马、中－高声波时差、中－低密度、中－高中子 葡萄花边状溶洞构型 葡萄花边状溶洞发育，洞体为未完全充填残余溶洞 
亮色背景下暗色斑块零星分布 
中－低电阻、低自然伽马、中－低声波时差、中－低密度、中－低
中子角砾间溶洞构型 沿角砾之间溶蚀形成大小不均、无一定分布规律的溶洞 
高亮背景下暗色斑点、暗色短线状影像杂乱分布 
中－低电阻，低自然伽马，中－低声波时差，中－高密度，中等中子 缝洞组合
构型岩心破碎、裂缝发育、基质溶蚀孔洞发育 
高亮背景下暗色正弦线状影像和暗色斑点分布 
中－低电阻，低自然伽马，高声波时差，低密度值，高中子 基质 岩石致密，基本不发育溶蚀孔洞，以泥晶、粉晶白云岩为主 
亮色背景，基本不含暗色斑点或斑块 
高电阻、低自然伽马、低声波时差、高密度、低中子 
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表 2 储层构型物性统计表
Table 2. Physical property statistics of reservoir architecture
构型 物性统计 孔隙度均值 孔隙度方差 垂直渗透率均值 垂直渗透率方差 水平渗透率均值 水平渗透率方差 层状溶洞构型 4.9 4.546 1.02 3.543 3.9 3.952 葡萄花边状溶洞构型 3.68 4.61 0.345 0.11 1.98 3.83 缝洞组合构型 4.26 4.512 2.255 3.134 32.43 15.58 基质 1.56 3.876 0.0353 0.008 0.182 0.084
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表 3 高石梯—磨溪地区灯四段试气结果与层状溶洞构型相关性统计表
Table 3. Correlation between gas test results of No.4 segment of Dengying formation and layered cavitation configuration in Gaoshiti-Moxi area
地区 井名 灯四段无阻流量/104 m3·d−1 灯四段测试气产量/104 m3·d−1 D4-3小层层状溶洞构型厚度/m 磨溪 MX22 217.58 105.61 46 MX105 45.51 24.461 4 32 MX103 33.95 14.87 4 高石梯 GS7 531.01 105.65 34 GS6 459.86 209.64 36 GS102 190.53 62.63 24 GS9 178.49 126.66 35 GS12 117.40 61.675 5 20 GS8 117.34 76.72 30 GS1 77.99 36.001 6 25 GS11 7.77 5.34 20
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