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摘要:
岩溶碳汇呈现两种不同观点：（1）岩溶碳汇巨大，其机理在于岩溶区藻类及光合细菌利用碳酸氢根离子（
${\rm{HCO}}_3^{-}$ ${\rm{HCO}}_3^{-}$ ${\rm{HCO}}_3^{-}$ ${\rm{HCO}}_3^{-}$ ${\rm{HCO}}_3^{-}$ ${\rm{HCO}}_3^{-}$ ${\rm{HCO}}_3^{-}$ ${\rm{HCO}}_3^{-}$ ${\rm{HCO}}_3^{-}$ ${\rm{HCO}}_3^{-}$ ${\rm{HCO}}_3^{-}$ -
关键词:
- 微藻 /
- 风化碳汇 /
- ${\rm{HCO}}_3^{-} $ /
- 碳酸酐酶 /
- CO2
Abstract:The carbon sink on rock weathering is widely discussed for reducing global atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). Two different views on karst carbon sink are proposed. One is that the karst carbon sink is huge because bicarbonate ion (
${\rm{HCO}}_3^{-}$ $_3^{-}$ By literature review in this paper, the effects of microalgae (a typical aquatic organism) on rock weathering and its carbon sink are discussed based on the coupling between inorganic carbon utilization of microalgae in photosynthesis and
${\rm{HCO}}_3^{-}$ ${\rm{HCO}}_3^{-}$ ${\rm{HCO}}_3^{-}$ ${\rm{HCO}}_3^{-}$ ${\rm{HCO}}_3^{-}$ $_3^{-}$ Research findings can be concluded that through the CAex effect, the catalysis and acceleration of conversion of HCO
$_3^{-}$ $_3^{-}$ -
Key words:
- microalgae /
- carbon sink of rock weathering /
- ${\rm{HCO}}_3^{-} $ /
- carbonic anhydrase /
- CO2
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图 5 不同时间下方解石的镁离子释放量（mg·L−1）和叶绿素a的含量（μg·L−1）（a）对照组；（b、e）莱茵衣藻；（c、f）蛋白核小球藻；（d、g）铜绿微囊藻（据Xie Tengxiang等，2017[67]）
Figure 5.
表 1 1850-2019年全球人为累计碳收支情况（引自AR6[1,10]）
Table 1. Global accumulated anthropogenic CO2 budget from 1850 to 2019(revised from AR6[1,10])
碳排放量/PgC 总量/PgC 收支不平衡量/PgC 排放（源） 化石燃料燃烧及水泥生产 445±20 685±65 20 净通量土地使用 240±60 分配（汇） 大气增加CO2 265±5 635±80 海洋碳汇 160±20 陆地碳汇 210±55 
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表 2 全球碳酸盐岩风化碳汇一些数据对比（据张之淦，2012[35]）
Table 2. Comparison of global weathering carbon sink from carbonate rock (revised from Zhang Zhigan, 2012[35])
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表 3 微藻的碳酸氢根离子利用途径份额
Table 3. Proportion of bicarbonate utilization pathway to the whole carbon utilization pathway of microalgae
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表 4 微藻对碳酸钙碳源的利用份额(fB)(谢腾祥等，2014[104])
Table 4. Proportion of calcium carbonate-carbon source utilized by microalgae (Xie Tengxiang et al., 2014[104])
藻种 AZ/mmol·L−1 fB 莱茵衣藻 0 0.02 0.1 0.03 1 0.08 10 0.30 蛋白核小球藻 0 0.02 0.1 0.02 1 0.10 10 0.15
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表 5 野外湖泊微藻利用添加的碳酸氢钠与总无机碳碳源的占比（Li Haitao等，2018[96]）
Table 5. Proportion of NaHCO3-carbon source utilized by lake microalgae (Li Haitao et al., 2018[96])
NaHCO3/
mmol·L−1AZ /mmol·L−1 0 1.0 10.0 1.0 0.06±0.03 0.06±0.04 0.03±0.03 2.5 0.08±0.02 0.08±0.05 0.09±0.03 5.0 0.09±0.04 0.17±0.05 0.12±0.05
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表 6 碳酸酐酶加速岩石风化的数据统计
Table 6. Statistics of the acceleration of rock weathering by carbonic anhydrase
岩石种类 岩石风化变化情况 生物种类 CA种类 数据来源 白云岩 在CO2分压低于5 000 Pa实验条件下，对白云岩的溶解速率促进倍数在1.29~3.07之间 体外实验 高分子催化剂－牛碳酸酐酶 刘再华，2001[117] 灰岩 加入CA后，在高CO2 分压时，其溶解速率可增加 10倍 体外实验 高分子催化剂－牛碳酸酐酶 刘再华，2001[117] 灰岩 在加入AZ后，单位时间单位藻体的镁离子释放量从3.37×10−4 mg·(μg·day)−1降低至1.99×10−4 mg·(μg·day)−1 莱茵衣藻 胞外碳酸酐酶 Xie等，2014[66] 灰岩 在加入AZ后，单位时间单位藻体的镁离子释放量从2.44×10−4 mg·(μg·day)−1降低至2.19×10−4 mg·(μg·day)−1 蛋白核小球藻 胞外碳酸酐酶 Xie等，2014[66]
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表 7 不同处理下微藻的增殖倍数（摘自Wu等，2015[103]）
Table 7. Microalgae growth with different treatments ( Wu et al., 2015[103])
NaHCO3/
mmol·L−1增值倍数 0 mmol·L−1 AZ 1.0 mmol·L−1 AZ 10.0 mmol·L−1 AZ 1 4.89±0.07 3.75±0.25 1.59±0.24 2.5 5.27±0.52 3.67±0.39 1.93±0.30 5 6.28±0.44 3.93±0.19 2.16±0.19 20 6.55±0.32 4.46±0.28 2.53±0.47
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