Experimental study on source compensation of Xiaoling key seepage zone in Jinan karst area
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摘要:
为了解济南趵突泉泉域重点渗漏带下伏可溶性岩补源渗漏特征、影响因素及对泉水的影响，以小岭重点渗漏带为研究对象，采用野外调查、地球物理勘探、钻探、补源试验、模型评估等方法，分析小岭重点渗漏带下伏可溶性岩石岩性、厚度、岩溶发育情况、影响因素及补源渗漏量，评估补源效果。结果表明：小岭重点渗漏带下伏岩层为炒米店组，岩性主要为中厚层微晶灰岩、薄层状灰岩、泥质条带灰岩，厚度自东向西从7.6 m向56.3 m增厚，岩溶发育较弱，受千佛山断裂影响，发育规模大的断裂带两侧岩溶越发育，岩溶发育带越宽，补源渗漏能力越强。在钻孔补源条件下，小岭重点渗漏带断裂两侧精准补源地段炒米店组地层补源渗漏量为20 023 m3·d−1。在综合考虑其他补源措施的情况下枯水期补源量为15 000 m3·d−1、补源时长1个月对泉水的影响值为2 cm。
Abstract:Located in Baotu Spring area, the study area is a key leakage zone in Xiaoling, a valley with east-west trend surrounded by the foothills of Jiunu Mountain, Xinglong Mountain, Changgeng Mountain and Hujia Mountain. The total area of this leakage zone is 4.03 km2. This study is aimed at understanding the characteristics and influencing factors of the leakage of source supplement of the soluble rock under the key seepage zone of Baotu Spring area in Jinan. Besides, this study may provide a basis for the selection of accurate location of source supplement and for the restoration measures of key leakage zone.
In this paper, the thickness of Quaternary system, the buried depth and thickness of underlying soluble rock layer, the development degree of karst fissures, the distribution characteristics of fault structures, and the leakage amount and its effect on spring water in Xiaoling key leakage zone are studied by using the methods of field geological investigation, geophysics exploration, drilling, water injection and recharge experiment, and model simulation and prediction evaluation. The thickness of the Quaternary in the Xiaoling key leakage zone is 2.7-6.0 m, and the underlying strata of the Quaternary are the Chaomidian Formation with the lithology mainly composed of medium-thick micro-crystalline limestone, thin-bedded limestone and argillaceous-banded limestone. Controlled by the sedimentary environment, the formation development of Chaomidian Formation gradually thickens from east to west with its thickness from 7.6 m in the east to 56.3 m in the west. Fault structures are mainly developed with the north-north-west Qianfo Mountain Fault and the near-east-west fault in the key leakage zone. The development of karst is mainly controlled by stratum lithology and fault structure. The karstification of Chaomidian Formation is weak in the study area, affected by the Qianfo Mountain fault. On both sides of the large-scale fault zone, the more developed the karst is, the stronger the leakage of source supplement becomes. Under the condition of drilling and source supplement test, the amount of source-replenishing leakage of the Chaomidian Formation is 20,023 m3·d−1 on both sides of the fault in the Xiaoling key leakage zone. Given other recharge measures, the recharge amount is 15,000 m3·d−1 in the dry season, and the influence value of one-month recharge time on spring water is 2 cm. The research findings show that the influencing factors of recharge amount of the Guaternary underlying soluble rocks are listed as follows: the lithology of the underlying soluble rock, the degree of karst development, the degree of controlling over karst development by the fault structure, the width of the fracture zone of the fault structure, etc.. Besides, the fractured shatter zone in the key leakage zone is a precise source supplement section.
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表 1 千佛山断裂地层厚度统计表
Table 1. Statistics of formation thickness in the Qianfoshan fault
地层厚度/m ZK1 ZK2 ZK3 ZK4 ZK5 第四系 2.7 5.0 4.0 6.0 5.8 炒米店组 56.3 30.0 32.0 42.0 7.6 
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表 2 注水层厚度与注水量统计表
Table 2. Statistics of thickness of water injection layer and water injection quantity
钻孔号 初始水位埋深/m 注水量/m3·d−1 注水时间/h 稳定水位埋深/m 注水层厚度/m 距离断裂距离 ZK1 19.29 108 11 0.22 11.3 F4断裂西40 m ZK2 22.95 2 880 11 1.20 22.0 F4断裂东13.5 m ZK3 18.86 2400 8 0.30 12.7 F1断裂西4.5 m ZK4 24.20 228 5 1.18 12.4 F1断裂东3 m ZK5 14.69 1.2 F2断裂东7 m
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表 3 允许补源量计算综合表
Table 3. Comprehensive table for calculation of allowable supplementary sources
断裂带 水头高度/m 渗水段/m 渗透系数/m·d−1 大井半径/m 渗漏量/m·d−1 F1 18.36 12.70 7.37 7.07 10 582 F4 22.45 22.00 7.06 5.66 9 441
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表 4 2017年10月-2018年9月岩溶地下水均衡表
Table 4. Karst groundwater balance from October,2017 to September, 2018
地下水均衡 源汇项 岩溶水补排量/104 m3·d−1 趵突泉泉域 补给 降雨 30.04 侧向补给量 4.76 越流 0.14 河道水库渗流量 12.00 灌溉回渗量 1.52 小计 48.46 排泄 人工开采 26.74 泉水排泄 16.55 侧向排泄量 3.19 越流 1.55 小计 48.03 补排差 0.43
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