The main types, distribution features and present situation of exploration and development for domestic and foreign lithium mine
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摘要:
2011年以来，随着新能源汽车的快速发展，锂作为21世纪能源金属的地位日益凸显。文章仅就2015年和2016年国内外锂矿主要类型、特点和找矿方面的主要进展和动向作简要概括，着重介绍近两年来世界范围内在卤水型、硬岩型以及其他类型锂矿勘探方面的找矿进展以及一些锂矿找矿热点地区的进展情况，并结合近年来新兴产业发展的趋势和锂资源开发利用的新动向，对中国的锂矿找矿与开发提出如下建议：进一步摸清资源家底，在重点地区有针对性地加强找矿工作，为建设大型锂资源基地提供资源保障；在突出卤水型和硬岩型重点类型的同时也关注新类型锂矿的找矿，多型并举，提高资源利用效率，促进相关行业转型升级；着手研究锂的循环利用和作为能源金属的高端开发利用，为占领技术制高点提供科学依据。
Abstract:With the rapid development of new energy vehicles, lithium as an energy metal is increasingly important in recent years. This paper briefly summarizes the progress of the lithium prospecting both in China and abroad between 2015 and 2016 and the development trend. The authors focus on the progress and prospecting of brine type, hard rock type and other types of lithium ore as well as the hot lithium prospecting areas in the world. Meanwhile, combined with the development of new industry and lithium resources utilization, some suggestions are made on prospecting and exploration of lithium resources in China. People should further understand lithium resources in China and strengthen the prospecting work in key areas so as to provide resources for the construction of large-scale lithium resources base. Geologists should not only focus on the brine type and hard rock type lithium mines but also pay attention to the prospecting for new types of lithium ore so as to improve resource utilization efficiency and promote the transformation and upgrading of related industries. Scientists should begin to study the recycling of lithium and the highend exploitation and utilization of lithium as an energy metal for occupying the technical key point to provide a scientific basis.
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Key words:
- lithium /
- prospecting /
- progress /
- suggestion
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图 2 美国内华达州Clayton Valley锂项目位置（a）及卤水矿床剖面图（b）（深度自干盐滩表面向下计算, 据文献Zampirro, 2003修改）
Figure 2.
图 3 皮尔甘古拉伟晶岩矿田简化平面图（a）、剖面图（b）（据Pilbara Mineral Ltd., 2016修改）
Figure 3.
图 4 力拓公司勘查Jadar见矿层位剖面示意图（据Kellie, 2009修改）
Figure 4.
图 5 津巴布韦Kamativi锂矿地质简图（转引自文献Kesler et al., 2012）
Figure 5.
图 6 四川甲基卡伟晶岩矿田位置图（a）、简化平面图（b）及剖面图（c）(据唐国凡等，1984；四川省地质调查院，2014；付小方等，2015；刘丽君等，2015修改)
Figure 6.
图 8 1990—2100年世界锂产量预测图（转引自Vikström et al., 2013）
Figure 8.
表 1 主要锂矿床及锂项目统计（以金属锂当量计）
Table 1. Statistics of major lithium deposits and projects (equivalent to Li metal)
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