Characteristics and potential of shallow geothermal resources in provincial capital cities of China
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摘要:
浅层地热能资源以其高效和环保的特点，近年来在中国得到了广泛的应用。地质条件、浅层地温场特征、岩土热物性特征等参数，是影响浅层地热能开发利用的重要参数。笔者在阐述浅层地热能开发利用条件的基础上，结合全国省会城市浅层地热能调查评价成果，对浅层地热能开发利用适宜性和资源潜力进行了评价。结果表明，在我国陆区范围内，恒温带温度受太阳辐射影响最大，恒温带顶板埋深与气温变化趋势相反，岩土体导热系数受岩性影响明显。中国浅层地热能资源主要用于建筑物供暖和制冷。我国31个省会城市80%的土地面积适宜利用浅层地热能，浅层地热能资源每年可开采量折合标准煤2.8亿t，可为供暖和制冷提供丰富的能源储备。按利用方式、需求程度将我国浅层地热能开发分为全年集中利用区、全年分散利用区、分散式冬季供暖区和分散式夏季制冷区4类。浅层地热能开发利用对推动中国绿色、低碳、节能型城市化发展，解决京津冀地区冬季雾霾和南方城市冬季供暖问题具有重要意义。
Abstract:Due to the superiority of high energy efficiency and environmental friendliness, shallow geothermal resources have been widely applied in recent years in China. Geological conditions, characteristics of shallow geotemperature field and thermophysical parameters of rocks and soils are important parameters for shallow geothermal resources. Based on relevant research on nationwide investigation and evaluation of shallow geothermal energy resources in 31 provincial capital cities in China, the authors evaluated the characteristics, resources and regional development planning of shallow geothermal resources in China. The results show that, in constant temperature zone, feature temperature is mostly affected by solar radiation, and the trend of buried depth is opposite to temperature change. What's more, thermal conductivity of soils and rocks is obviously influenced by lithology. The most important application of shallow geothermal resources is for heating and cooling in buildings. Over 80% of the provincial capital cities are suitable for shallow geothermal utilization and annual exploitable shallow geothermal resources of 31 provincial capital cities are equivalent to 280 million tons of standard coal, which is abundant for heating and cooling. Considering the way of utilization and the level of demand, the authors divided whole China into four types of areas, i.e., centralized utilization area (both heating and cooling), distributed utilization area (both heating and cooling), distributed utilization area only for heating and distributed utilization area only for cooling. The development and utilization of shallow geothermal resources are of great significance for promoting the development of China's green, low-carbon and energy-saving urbanization and can also solve the problem of winter smog in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and satisfy the demand of heating in winter in cities of southern China..
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表 1 省会城市所在的温度带、地貌类型及地质条件
Table 1. Climatic regionalization, geomorphic types and geological conditions of provincial capital cities
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表 2 地温监测孔位置及详细参数
Table 2. Locations and parameters for different ground temperature monitoring sites
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表 3 全国31个省会城市地源热泵系统适宜性分区
Table 3. Result of suitability assessment of GSHP system in provincial capital cities of China
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表 4 全国31个省会城市浅层地热能热容量、换热功率计算汇总
Table 4. Summary of the calculation of heat capacity and heat transfer rate of shallow geothermal resources of provincial capital cities in China
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表 5 全国31个省会城市浅层地热能制冷/供暖面积计算结果汇总
Table 5. Summary of the calculation of potentials evaluation results of shallow geothermal resources of provincial capital cities in China
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