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摘要:
羌塘盆地位于可可西里-金沙江缝合带与班公湖-怒江缝合带之间，其沉积演化对于正确认识古、中特提斯洋盆构造演化具有重要意义。本文通过沉积序列、岩相古地理、沉积盆地分析，结合年代地层学等最新研究成果，建立了羌塘中生代盆地（T3-K1）的沉积演化模式，讨论了羌塘盆地演化与古特提斯洋盆关闭、中特提斯洋盆形成的关系。羌塘中生代盆地（T3-K1）是由冲洪积相沉积超覆开始的，总体上为一个向上变深的海侵序列，表现为冲洪积相、河湖相逐渐演化为滨海相及浅海相，可划分出3种典型的沉积超覆类型及5个主要阶段的沉积演化序列。羌塘中生代盆地整体上为一个由前陆盆地演化为裂谷盆地、被动大陆边缘盆地、最终转化为活动大陆边缘盆地并萎缩消亡的叠合盆地。羌塘早-中三叠世前陆盆地的关闭，与古特提斯洋盆的关闭有关，羌塘中生代盆地（T3-K1）的演化受中特提斯洋的快速开启及关闭的制约。
Abstract:The Qiangtang Basin is located between the Hoh Xil-Jinsha River suture zone and the Bangong-Nujiang suture zone. Its sedimentary evolution is of great significance for understanding the tectonic evolution of the Paleo-Tethys and Meso-Tethys Oceans. In this study, the authors established the sedimentary evolution mode of the Mesozoic basin (T3-K1) based on the sedimentary sequences, lithofacies paleogeography, analysis of sedimentary basin, and the latest research results of chronostratigraphy, and then discussed the relationship between the evolution of the Qiangtang Basin and the closure of the PaleoTethys Ocean as well as the opening of the Meso-Tethys Ocean. The Mesozoic (T3-K1) Qiangtang Basin was affected by the diluvial-alluvial facies sedimentary overlap. The sedimentary sequence has undergone an evolution from diluvial-alluvial facies, lacustrine to coastal and shallow-seas facies, which shows a deepening upward transgressive sequence. It can be divided into three typical sedimentary overlap types and five major stages of sedimentary evolution sequence. The Mesozoic Qiangtang Basin is a superimposed basin that evolved from foreland basin into rift basin, then into passive continental marginal basin, and finally into an active continental marginal basin through shrinking and vanishing. The closure of the Early-Middle Triassic foreland basin for the Qiangtang Basin was related to the closure of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean basin. The evolution of Mesozoic (T3-K1) Qiangtang Basin was restricted by the rapid opening and closing of the Meso-Tethys Tethys Ocean basin.
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Key words:
- Tethys Ocean /
- Qiangtang Basin /
- sedimentary evolution /
- lithofacies paleogeography
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表 1 羌塘盆地中生代地层划分与对比据（王剑等, 2009修改）
Table 1. Mesozoic stratigraphic division and correlation of the Qiangtang Basin(modified from Wang Jian et al., 2009)
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