Geochemistry and geochronology of metamorphic rocks in Kanas Group, Altay orogenic belt
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摘要:
喀纳斯群为一套巨厚的中低压型浅变质碎屑岩系,主要由片岩、片麻岩、变质砂岩等组成,其形成时代未有统一的认识,致使阿尔泰构造带的构造演化过程争议较大。对喀纳斯群变质岩进行原岩恢复,认为该套变质岩为副变质岩,考虑到变质碎屑岩的成岩物质继承母岩特征和变质程度的影响,利用碎屑岩研究方法对元素地球化学特征进行探讨,显示出喀纳斯群变质碎屑岩原岩形成环境以大陆岛弧为主,兼有活动大陆边缘的特征,CIA、ICV指数反应出原岩经历了相对温暖、湿润的风化作用,成熟度较低。锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,最年轻的锆石年龄集中在(500±3.0)Ma,代表喀纳斯群的上限年龄,认为该套地层形成于晚寒武世晚期之前,为一套形成于大陆岛弧或活动大陆边缘的复理石建造。新元古代青白口纪初期基底裂解事件,暗示着阿尔泰构造带存在前寒武纪大陆地壳基底。
Abstract:Kanas Group is composed of a set of thick low pressure type shallow metamorphic rocks, mainly comprising schist, gneiss, and metamorphic sandstone; nevertheless, its formation time is in debate, resulting in the controversy concerning the tectonic evolution of Altay tectonic belt. The restoration of Kanas metamorphic protolith reveals that the metamorphic rocks are parametamorphic rocks. In consideration of the influence of inheriting parent rock features of rock materials and degree of metamorphism of metamorphic rocks, the authors investigated the element geochemical characteristics of clastic rocks by using research methods for clastic rocks, and the results show that the protolith of Kanas Group metamorphic rocks was formed in an environment of continental arc and also had characteristics of active continental margin. CIA, ICV indexes show that the original rocks experienced relatively warm and humid weathering process, with low maturity. The zircon U-Pb data show that the youngest zircon age is(500 ±3.0)Ma, which represents the upper limit age of Kanas Group, and that the strata were formed before late Cambrian, being a flysch formation produced in an environment of continental island arc or active continental margin. The breakup of Neoproterozoic Qingbaikouan early basement suggests that the Altay tectonic belt had Precambrian continental crust basement.
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图 1 新疆阿尔泰造山带邻区板块构造单元划分及研究区地质概况a—阿尔泰造山带构造单元划分图;b—阿尔泰造山带区域地质图;c—研究区地质概况(图a据李俊建等, 2015;图b据李天德等, 2001; 图c据1:25万冲乎尔幅建造构造图修改)
Figure 1.
图 4 喀纳斯群变质碎屑岩稀土元素球粒陨石标准化图(球粒陨石数据引自McLennan, 1993)
Figure 4.
图 5 喀纳斯群变质碎屑岩微量元素蛛网图(原始地幔标准化数据引自Thompson, 1982)
Figure 5.
图 8 喀纳斯群变质碎屑岩岩K-A相关图解及西蒙南图解(据王仁民等, 1987)
Figure 8.
图 9 喀纳斯群变质碎屑岩Th-Hf-Co图解及La-Th-Sc图解(据Roser et al., 1986)
Figure 9.
表 1 喀纳斯群变质岩特征
Table 1. Characteristic table of metamorphic rocks in Kanas Group
表 2 喀纳斯群变质碎屑岩主量元素(%)、稀土元素(10-6)、微量元素(10-6)分析数据
Table 2. Major elements (%), rare earth elements (10-6) and trace elements (10-6) compositions of metasedimentary rocks in Kanas Group
表 3 喀纳斯群变质碎屑岩与不同构造环境杂砂岩稀土元素特征对比
Table 3. Comparison of REE characteristic parameters of metasedimentary rocks in Kanas Group with various tectonic settings
表 4 喀纳斯群变质碎屑岩与不同构造环境杂砂岩微量元素特征对比
Table 4. Comparison of trace elements characteristic parameters of metasedimentary rocks in Kanas Group with various tectonic settings
表 5 黑云母红柱石石英片岩(QY-2-16)锆石的LA-ICP-MS定年分析结果
Table 5. LA-ICP-MS U-Pb zircon analyses of the Bi-And-Q schist (QY-2-16) in Kanas Group
表 6 喀纳斯群变质碎屑岩原岩恢复相关系数计算结果
Table 6. The indexes for recovering protoliths of metasedimentary rocks in Kanas Group
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