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摘要:
四川盆地作为中国六大气区之一，为中国天然气快速发展作出了突出贡献。其海相克拉通沉积厚度达4000~7000 m，天然气富集层系以海相碳酸盐岩为主。为了指导该盆地海相碳酸盐岩下一步天然气勘探的方向和目标，本文结合前人研究成果和多年来的勘探经验，从控制油气成藏的关键地质要素出发，系统总结了四川盆地海相碳酸盐岩天然气富集规律，认为：“源控性”——烃源岩在空间上的互补性分布总体控制了天然气的纵横向展布，纵向上距离烃源岩较近的储集层含气性普遍较好，平面上油气藏围绕优质烃源岩发育区（生气或油中心）呈环带状分布；“相控性”——有利的沉积相带对储层发育、天然气富集控制作用明显，即“相控储、储控藏”；岩溶作用改善了碳酸盐岩气藏储集层的储渗条件；古隆起继承性的发展控制了油气的早期运聚成藏；现今构造对天然气藏再调整、再分配的重要控制作用。综合应用天然气富集规律认识，四川盆地获得多个重大突破和发现，提交探明储量超万亿m3，极大地促进了中国天然气的快速发展。
Abstract:Sichuan Basin, as one of the six atmospheric regions in China, has made outstanding contribution to the rapid development of natural gas in China. The thickness of marine craton deposits is 4000-7000 m, and marine carbonate rocks are the main gas enrichment strata. In order to further guide the direction and target of natural gas exploration for marine carbonate rocks in the basin, the authors, based on previous research results and many years'exploration experience and starting with key geological factors controlling hydrocarbon accumulation, have systematically summarized the regularity of natural gas enrichment in marine carbonate rocks in Sichuan Basin, and reached some conclusion:"source control" on the whole controls complementary distribution of source rocks in space, and vertical and horizontal distribution of natural gas shows that the gas-bearing property of reservoirs which are close to source rocks in vertical direction is generally better, and the horizontal distribution of oil and gas reservoirs around high-quality source rocks (gas or oil center) is circular; the "facies-controlled" favorable sedimentary facies zone has obviously controlled reservoir development and natural gas enrichment, that is, there exist "facies-controlled reservoir and reservoir-controlled reservoir"; the karstification improves carbonate rocks, i.e., improves reservoir permeability conditions of gas reservoirs; inheritance development of paleo-uplift controls the early migration and accumulation of oil and gas reservoirs; and present structure plays an important role in controlling the readjustment and redistribution of gas reservoirs. By comprehensively applying the regularity of natural gas enrichment, Sichuan Basin has made several major discoveries and breakthroughs and submitted proven reserves exceeding trillion square meters, which has greatly promoted the rapid development of natural gas in China.
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表 1 四川盆地碳酸盐岩表生岩溶作用期次及对储层的影响分析
Table 1. The analysis table of supergene karstification period and its influence on reservoir in Sichuan Basin
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表 2 四川盆地气藏类型统计（截至2015年）
Table 2. Statistical table of gas reservoir types in Sichuan Basin
下载: 导出CSV
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