Sedimentary characteristics and paleo-environment restoration of the first member of Qingshankou Formation in Qian'an area, Changling sag, Songliao Basin: A case study of Jiyeyou 1 Well
-
摘要:
松辽盆地上白垩统青山口组一段富有机质泥页岩岩发育，层系内部滞留烃富集，具有可观的页岩油资源潜力。沉积古环境控制了泥页岩的分布、有机质发育特征及滞留烃富集程度。因此，恢复青一段泥页岩沉积古环境，明确沉积特征，对揭示青一段泥页岩中页岩油富集规律具有重要意义。本文基于长岭凹陷乾安地区青一段取心井——吉页油1井的岩心观察及测井曲线组合特征，划分了青一段泥页岩沉积微相，应用自然伽马能谱测井、岩性扫描测井数据，选取环境评价参数，对青一段沉积古环境及其演化过程进行了恢复，分析了古环境参数与泥页岩中滞留烃含量的相关性。结果表明：松辽盆地长岭凹陷乾安地区青一段泥页岩是在三角洲外前缘-浅湖-半深湖-深湖沉积体系中形成的，主要发育半深湖-深湖泥、浅湖泥沉积微相。青一段泥页岩沉积古环境经历了水深由浅变深，气候由半潮湿到潮湿，水体由淡水-微咸水，还原性由弱到强，水动力条件由中等到弱的演化，在青一段地层中存在明显的沉积环境变化界面，上下层段沉积环境不同。青一段泥页岩中滞留烃含量主要受沉积古气候、古氧化还原条件控制，潮湿气候还原条件下形成的泥页岩有机质类型好，以腐泥质为主，生油能力强，滞留烃含量高。
Abstract:The first member of Upper Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation (K2qn1) in Songliao Basin has considerable shale oil resource potential because of the wide development of dark mudstone and high residual hydrocarbons. The paleo-sedimentary environment directly controls the dark mudstone distribution, organic matter development, and residual hydrocarbon content. Therefore, analyzing the sedimentary features and restoring the paleo-environment of K2qn1 are of great significance for revealing the regularity of shale oil enrichment. Based on the core observation and logging data of well Jishanyou 1 in Qian'an area of Changling Sag, the authors analyzed the sedimentary characteristics of K2qn1. According to the element data obtained by natural gamma ray spectrometry logging and lithologic scanning logging, the evolution of the paleo-environment of K2qn1 was restored by using suitable parameters. Furthermore, the correlation of paleo-environment parameters and residual hydrocarbon content in mudstone shale was also studied. The results show that the dark mudstone of K2qn1 in the study area was developed in the outer Delta front to shallow lake-semi-deep lake sedimentary system. The palaeo-environment of K2qn1 underwent a change of water depth from shallow to deep, climate from semi-humid to humid, salinity from fresh to brackish, reduction conditions from weak to strong, and sedimentary hydrodynamics from moderate to weak. There is an obvious interface of sedimentary environment within K2qn1. The content of residual hydrocarbon in the mudstone is mainly controlled by paleo-climate and paleo-reduction conditions. The oil-bearing organic matter was formed in a wet and reducing environment, with strong oil-generating capability and high content of residual hydrocarbon.
-
-
表 1 青一段上下层组反映古环境参数对比
Table 1. The parameters of paleo-environment of the upper and lower bed sets of K2qn1
下载: 导出CSV
-
Bai Jing, Xu Xingyou, Chen Shan. 2017. Analysis of controlling factors of shale oil enrichment and recoverable capacity in continental shale, a case study from Qingshankou Formation[J]. Geological Review, 63 (Supp.):117-118 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Chen Zhonghong, Cha Ming, Jin Qiang. 2004. Application of natural gamma ray logging and natural gamma spectrometry logging to recovering paleo-environment of sedimentary basin[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 47(6):1145-1150 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Couch E L. 1971 Calculation of paleosalinities from boron and clay mineral data[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 55(10):1829-1837.
Feng Zihui, Huo Qiuli, Wang Xue, Zeng Huasen, Fu Li. 2015. Organic geochemical characteristics and paleosedimentary environments of the source rocks in member 1 of Qingshankou Formation[J]. Petroleum Geology and Oilfield Development in Daqing, 34(4):1-7 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=dqsydzykf201504001
Gao Ruiqi, Cai Xiyuan. 1997. Formation Conditions and Distribution Rules of Oil and Gas Fields in Songliao Basin[M]. Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press:10-23 (in Chinese).
Hou Qijun, Feng Zhiqiang, Feng Zihui. 2009. Continental petroleum geology in Songliao Basin[M]. Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press:25-80 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Hou qiuli, Zeng Huaseng, Zhang Xiaochang, Fu Li. 2012. An evaluation diagram of effective source rocks in the first member of Qingshankou Formation in northern Songliao Basin and its implication[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 33(3):379-384 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Huang Wenbiao, Deng Shouwei, Lu Shuangfang, Yu Ling, Hu Shuo, Zhang Ju. 2014. Shale organic heterogeneity evaluation method and its application to shale oil resource evaluation-a case study from Qingshankou Formation, southern Songliao Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 35(5):704-711 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=syytrqdz201405017
Huang Zhenkai, Chen Jianping, Wang Yijun, Xue Haitao, Deng Chunping, Wang Min. 2013. Characteristics of micropore in shales from the first member of Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation, Songliao basin[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica. 34(1):30-36 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Huang Zhenkai, Chen Jianping, Xue Haitao, Wang Yijun, Wang Min, Deng Chunping. 2013. Microstructural characteristics of shale from the first member of Cretaceous Qingshankou formation, Songliao basin[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 40(1):58-65(in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876380413600063
Jarvie D M. 2012. Shale resource systems for oil and gas: Part 2-Shale-oil resource systems[G]//Breyer J A. Shale reservoirs-Giant resources for the 21st century. AAPG Memoir 97, 89-119.
Jiao Yangquan, Lv Xinbiao, Wang Zhenghai, Wang Minfang. 2004.Two distinct geological environments from sedimentary to diagenesis stages:Examples from sandstone-type uranium deposits, Turpan-Hami Basin[J]. Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences, 29 (5):615-620 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Jones B, Manning A C. 1994. Comparison of geochemical indices used for the interpretation paleoredox conditions in ancient mudstones[J]. Chemical Geology, 111(1/4):111-129. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/000925419490085X
Lan Xianhong, Ma Daoxiu, Xu Mingguang, Zhou Qingwei, Zhang Guangwei. 1987. Some geochemical indicators of the Pearl River Delta and their facies significance[J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 7(1):39-49 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Li Hao, Lu Jianlin, Li Ruilei, Wang Baohua, Xu Wen, Zuo Zongxin, Wang Miao, Liu Yazhao. 2017. Generation paleoenvironment and its controlling factors of Lower Cretaceous Lacustrine hydrocarbon source rocks in Changling Depression, south Songliao Basin[J]. Earth Science, 42 (10):1774-1786 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=dqkx201710012
Li Zhandong Wang Yijun, Hu Huiting, Wang Haisheng, Zhang Haixiang, Li Yang, Zhu Xiaomeng. 2015. Shale reservoir characteristics of Qing-1 member of Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation in northern Songliao Basin[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 36(1):20-24 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=xjsydz201501004
Liu Bo, Lv Yanfang, Ran Qingchang, Dai Chunlei, Li Mei, Wang Meng. 2014, Geological conditions and exploration potential of shale oil in Qingshankou Formation, Northern Songliao Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 35(2):280-285(in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=syytrqdz201402018
Liu Zechun, Chen Ye, Yuang Linwang, Zhou Chunlin, Wang Yongjin. 2000. Inversion of 2.85Ma B.P Paleoclimate changes using natural gamma ray logs[J]. Science in China(Series D), 30(6):609-618 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu Zhaojun, Sun Pingchang, Liu Rong, Meng Qingtao, Bai Yueyue, Xu Yinbo. 2014. Research on geological conditions of shale coexistent energy mineralization (accumulation):Take the Qingshankou Formation in Upper Cretaceous, Songliao Basin for example[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 32(3):583-600 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-CJXB201403022.htm
Lu Shuangfang, Huang Wenbiao, Chen Fangwen, Li Jijun, Wang Min, Xue Haitao, Wang Weiming, Cai Xiyuan. 2012. Classification and evaluation criteria of shale oil and gas resources:Discussion and application[J]. Petroleum exploration and development, 39(2):249-256 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876380412600421
Lu Shuangfang, Huang Wenbiao, Chen Fangwen, Li Jijun, Wang Min, Xue Haitao, Wang Weiming, Cai Xiyuan. 2012. Classification and evaluation criteria of shale oil and gas resources:Discussion and application[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 39(2):249-256. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876380412600421
Lu Shuangfang, Zhang Min. 2008. Petroleum Geochemistry[M]. Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press:50-59 (in Chinese).
Luo Xi, Liu Zisheng, Xu Ling, Tan Jingjuan, Yin An. 2015.Continental shale organic matter characteristics and enrichment factors analysis of Biyang Sag[J]. Petroleum geology and engineering, 29(6):11-15 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Nelson B W. 1967. Sedimentary phosphate method for estimation paleosalinities[J]. Science, 158 (3803):917-920. doi: 10.1126/science.158.3803.917
Nicolas T, Thomas J A, Timothy L, et al. 2006. Trace metals as palaeoredox and palaeoproductivity proxies:An update[J]. Chemical Geology, 232:12-32. doi: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2006.02.012
Ratcliffe K T, Wright A M, Montgomery P. 2010. Application of chemostratigraphy to the Mungaroo Formation, the Gorgon field, offshore northwest Australia[J]. Australian Petroleum Production and Exploration Association Journal, 50(1):371-388. http://www.researchgate.net/publication/268180526_application_of_chemostratigraphy_to_the_mungaroo_formation_the_gorgon_field_offshore_northwest_australia
Roy D K, Roser B P. 2013. Climate control on the composition of Carboniferous-Permian Gondwana sediments, Khalaspir basin.Bangladesh[J]. Gondwana Research, 23(3):1163-1171. doi: 10.1016/j.gr.2012.07.006
Smol J P, Cumming B F. 2000. Tracking long-term changes in climate using algal indicators in lake sediments[J]. Journal of Phycology, 36:986-1011. doi: 10.1046/j.1529-8817.2000.00049.x
Song Mingshui.2005. Sedimentary environment geochemistry in the Shasi section of Southern ramp Dongying depression[J]. Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology, 25(1):67-73. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=kwys200501013
Tenger, Liu Wenhui, Xu Yongchang, Chen Jiangfa. 2004. The discussion on anoxic environments and its geochemical identifying indices, a case study from Ordos Basin[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 22(2):365-372 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Wang Chunlian, Liu Chenglin, Hu Haibing, Mao Jinsong, Shen Lijian, Zhao Haitong. 2012. Sedimentary characteristics and its environmental significance of salt-bearing strata of the Member 4 of Paleocene Shashi Formation in southern margin of Jiangling Depression, Jianghan Basin[J]. Journal of Palaeogeolgraphy, 14 (2):165-175(in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=gdlxb201202003
Wang Liangchen, Zhang Jinliang.1996. Sedimentary Environment and Sedimentary Facies[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press:24-30.
Wen Huaguo, Zheng Rongcai, Tang Fei, Zheng Aiping, Song Tingyuan, Chen Shouchun, Li Guili, Li Lianxin. 2008.Reconstruction and analysis of paleosalanity and paleoencitonment of the Chang 6 Member in the Gengwan Region, Ordos Basin[J]. Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology, 28(1):114-120 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-KWYS200801016.htm
Wignall P B. 1994. Black Shales[M]. Oxford:Clarendon Press, 46.
Wignall P B, Twitchett R J. 1996. Oceanic anoxia and the end Permian mass extinction[J]. Science, 272:1155-1158. doi: 10.1126/science.272.5265.1155
Xiong Xiaohui, Xiao Jiafei. 2011. Geochemical indicators of sedimentary environments——A summery[J]. Earth and Enviroment, 39(3):405-414.
Yan L J, Zhang M P. 2015. The response of lake variations to climate change in the past forty years:A case study of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau and adjacent areas, China[J]. Quaternary International, 371:31-48 (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.1016/j.quaint.2014.12.057
Yuan Xuanjun, Lin Senhu, Liu Qun, Yao Jingli, Wang Lan, Guo Hao, Deng Xiuqin, Cheng Dawei. 2015. Lacustrine fine-grained sedimentary features and organic-rich shale distribution pattern:A case study of Chang 7 Member of Triassic Yanchang Formation in Ordos Basin, NW China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 42(1):34-43 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhang Junfeng, Xu Hao, Zhao Junlong, Ren Pengfei. 2018. Geological characteristics and exploration potential of oil and gas in the northeast area of China[J]. Geology in China, 45(2):260-273 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTotal-DIZI201802005.htm
Zhang Xiaolong, Li Yanfang, Lü Haigang, Yan Jianping, Tuo Jincai, Zhang Tongwei. 2013. Relationship between organic matter characteristics and depositional environment in the Silurian Longmaxi Formation in Sichuan Basin[J]. Journal of China coal society, 38 (5):851-856 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=mtxb201305023
Zhang Yongsheng, Yang Yuqing, Qi Zhixian, Qiao Yuedong, Yuan Heran. 2003. Sedimentary characteristics and environments of the salt-nearing series of Qianjiang Formation of the Paleogene in Qianjiang Sag of Jianghan Basin[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography, 5(1):29-35 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhao Junqing, Ji Youliang, Zhang Shiqi, Xia Bin. 2004. Geochemical methods of boundary identification in terrigenous high-resolution sequence[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 22(1):79-86 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=cjxb200401013
Zou Caineng, Yang Zhi, Cui Jingwei, Zhu Rukai, Hou Lianhua, Tao Shizhen, Yuan Xuanjun, Wu Songtao, Lin Senhu, Wang Lan, Bai Bin, Yao Jingli. 2013. Formation mechanism, geological characteristics and development strategy of non-marine shale oil in China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 40(1):14-26. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876380413600026
白静, 徐兴友, 陈珊. 2017.陆相页岩油富集可采主控因素分析——以松辽盆地古龙凹陷青山口组为例[J].地质论评, 63(S):117-118. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=9146609
陈中红, 查明, 金强. 2004.自然伽玛及自然伽玛能谱测井在沉积盆地古环境反演中的应用[J].地球物理学报, 47(6):1145-1150. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0001-5733.2004.06.031
冯子辉, 霍秋立, 王雪, 增华森, 付丽. 2015.青山口组一段烃源岩有机地球化学特征及古沉积环境[J].大庆石油地质与开发, 34(4):1-7. doi: 10.3969/J.ISSN.1000-3754.2015.04.001
高瑞祺, 蔡希源. 1997.松辽盆地油气田形成条件与分布规律[M].北京:石油工业出版社, 10-23.
侯启军, 冯志强, 冯子辉. 2009.松辽盆地陆相石油地质学[M].北京:石油工业出版社, 25-80.
黄文彪, 邓守伟, 卢双舫. 2014.泥页岩有机非均质性评价及其在页岩油资源评价中的应用——以松辽盆地南部青山口组为例[J].石油与天然气地质, 35(5):704-711. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=syytrqdz201405017
黄振凯, 陈建平, 王义军, 薛海涛, 邓春萍, 王民. 2013.松辽盆地白垩系青山口组泥岩微观孔隙特征[J].石油学报, 34(1):30-36. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-4067.2013.01.009
黄振凯, 陈建平, 薛海涛, 王义军, 王民, 邓春萍. 2013.松辽盆地白垩系青山口组泥页岩孔隙结构特征[J].石油勘探与开发, 40(1):58-65. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=syktykf201301006
霍秋立, 增华森, 张晓畅, 付丽. 2012.松辽盆地北部青山口组一段有效烃源岩评价图版的建立及意义[J].石油学报, 33(3):379-384. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=syxb201203006
焦养泉, 吕新彪, 王正海, 王敏芳. 2004.从沉积到成岩两种截然不同的地质环境——吐哈盆地砂岩型铀矿研究实例[J].地球科学-中国地质大学学报, 29(5):615-620. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-2383.2004.05.018
蓝先洪, 马道修, 徐明广, 周清伟, 张光威. 1987.珠江三角洲若干地球化学标志及指相意义[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质, 7(1):39-49. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-HYDZ198701004.htm
李浩, 陆建林, 李瑞磊. 2017.长岭断陷下白垩统湖相烃源岩形成古环境及主控因素[J].地球科学, 42(10):1774-1786. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=dqkx201710012
李占东, 王义军, 胡慧婷, 王海生, 张海翔, 李阳, 朱晓萌. 2015.松辽盆地北部青山口组一段泥页岩储集层特征[J].新疆石油地质, 36(1):20-24. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/xjsydz201501004
刘泽纯, 陈晔, 袁林旺, 周春林, 汪永进. 2000.应用自然伽玛测井曲线反演2.85Ma B.P.古气候变化[J].中国科学(D辑), 30(6):609-618 http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=zgkx-cd200006007
刘招君, 孙平昌, 柳蓉, 孟庆涛, 白悦悦, 徐银波. 2014.页岩能源共生矿产成矿(藏)地质条件研究——以松辽盆地上白垩统青山口组为例[J].沉积学报, 32(3):583-600. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=cjxb201403022
柳波, 吕延防, 冉清昌, 戴春雷, 李梅, 王猛. 2014.松辽盆地北部青山口组页岩油形成地质条件及勘探潜力[J].石油与天然气地质, 35(2):280-285. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/syytrqdz201402018
卢双舫, 黄文彪, 陈方文, 李吉君, 王民, 薛海涛, 王伟明, 蔡希源. 2012.页岩油气资源分级评价标准探讨[J].石油勘探与开发, 39(2):249-256. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=syktykf201202017
卢双舫, 张敏.2008.油气地球化学[M].北京:石油工业出版社, 50-59.
罗曦, 刘子胜, 胥玲, 谭静娟, 伊安. 2015.泌阳凹陷陆相页岩有机质特征及富集因素分析[J].石油地质与工程, 29(6):11-15. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8217.2015.06.003
宋明水. 2005.东营凹陷南斜坡沙四段沉积环境的地球化学特征[J].矿物岩石, 25(1):67-73. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=kwys200501013
腾格尔, 刘文汇, 徐永昌, 陈践发. 2004.缺氧环境及地球化学判识标志的探讨——以鄂尔多斯盆地为例[J].沉积学报, 22(2):365-372. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-0550.2004.02.026
王春连, 刘成林, 湖海兵, 毛劲松, 沈立建, 赵海彤. 2012.江汉盆地江陵凹陷南缘古新统沙市组四段含盐岩系沉积特征及其沉积环境意义[J].古地理学报, 14(2):165-175. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=gdlxb201202003
王良忱, 张金亮.1996.沉积环境与沉积相[M].北京:石油工业出版社, 24-30.
文华国, 郑荣才, 唐飞, 郑爱萍, 桑廷元, 陈守春, 李瑰丽, 李联新. 2008.鄂尔多斯盆地耿湾地区长6段古盐度恢复与古环境分析[J].矿物岩石, 28(1):114-120. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-6872.2008.01.016
熊小辉, 肖加飞. 2011.沉积环境的地球化学示踪[J].地球与环境, 39(3):405-414. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=dzdqhx201103020
袁选俊, 林森虎, 刘群, 姚泾利, 王岚, 郭浩, 邓秀芹, 成大伟. 2015.湖盆细粒沉积特征与富有机质页岩分布模式——以鄂尔多斯盆地延长组长7油层组为例[J].石油勘探与开发, 42(1):34-43. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=syktykf201501004
张君峰, 许浩, 赵俊龙, 任鹏飞. 2018.中国东北地区油气地质特征与勘探潜力展望[J].中国地质, 45(2):260-273. http://geochina.cgs.gov.cn/geochina/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20180204&flag=1
张小龙, 李艳芳, 吕海刚, 闫建萍, 妥进才, 张同伟.2013.四川盆地志留系龙马溪组有机质特征与沉积环境的关系[J].煤炭学报, 38(5):851-856. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=mtxb201305023
张永生, 杨玉卿, 漆智先, 乔悦东, 袁鹤然. 2003.江汉盆地潜江凹陷古近系潜江组含盐岩系沉积特征与沉积环境.古地理学报, 5(1):29-35. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-1505.2003.01.003
赵俊青, 纪友亮, 张世奇, 夏斌. 2004.陆相高分辨率层序界面识别的地球化学方法[J].沉积学报, 22(1):79-86. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-0550.2004.01.013
邹才能, 杨智, 崔景伟.2013.页岩油形成机制、地质特征及发展对策[J].石油勘探与开发, 40(1):14-26. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=syktykf201301002
-
图(13)
表(1)
计量
- 文章访问数: 2016
- PDF下载数: 341
- 施引文献: 0