Characteristics and metallogenic significance of granite porphyry and pyroxene diorite in the Bianjiadayuan Pb-Zn-Ag polymetallic deposit, Inner Mongolia
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摘要:
边家大院铅锌银矿床位于中亚造山带东段，属于大兴安岭主峰锡、铅、锌、铜成矿带。通过对边家大院矿区中花岗斑岩和辉石闪长岩进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年、主量元素、微量元素和钠长石电子探针分析，结果表明花岗斑岩与辉石闪长岩锆石U-Pb年龄分别为（138.2±0.8）Ma、（137.4±0.7）Ma，为早白垩世岩浆活动的产物。辉石闪长岩SiO2含量为50.99%~52.89%，CaO含量为7.47%~7.51%，MgO含量为3.64%~4.68%，全碱Na2O+K2O含量为4.91%~5.36%，位于高钾钙碱性系列与钙碱性系列交界线上；花岗斑岩具有晶洞构造、镜下鉴定显示长石全部为碱性长石，新鲜无矿化的花岗斑岩高硅（SiO2=70.34%~74.49%）、富碱（Na2O+K2O=4.83%~9.42%）、A/CNK值为1.13~2.40，属于过铝质花岗岩、贫钙（CaO=0.16%~1.04%），属于高钾钙碱性-钾玄岩系列，稀土元素配分图显示轻稀土富集，具强烈的Eu负异常（δEu=0.12~0.32），富集大离子亲石元素Rb、Th、U、K，明显亏损高场强元素Ta、Nb、P、Ti和过渡元素Sr、Ba等，钠长石An（0.03~4.64）远小于10，显示无矿化花岗斑岩具有高演化的A2型造山后碱长花岗岩特征，推断花岗斑岩岩浆来源于地壳，形成于张性环境中。结合地质特征和前人研究成果，认为边家大院花岗斑岩为成矿地质体，矿区西部深处仍有较大成矿潜力。
Abstract:Located in the southern section of the CAOB (Central Asian Orogenic Belt), the Bianjiadayuan Pb-Zn-Ag polymetallic deposit belongs to the Sn-Cu-Zn-Pb metallogenic belt of Da Hinggan Mountains. In this study, a series of analyses, such as LAICP-MS zircon U-Pb isotopic dating, major element and trace elements testing and electron microprobe analysis of albite, were performed for the granite porphyry and augite diorite. The results show that the age of granite porphyry and pyroxene diorite are ca. 138 Ma and ca.137 Ma respectively, indicating that the intrusive rocks are products of the magmatic activities in the Early Cretaceous. The pyroxene diorite belongs to high K calc-alkaline series and calc-alkaline series with SiO2 (50.99%-52.89%), CaO (7.4%7-7.51%), MgO (3.64%-4.68%), and alkali (Na2O+K2O) 4.91%-5.36%. Granitic porphyry with miarolitic structure and microscopic identification shows that feldspar is all alkaline feldspar. Non-mineralized granite porphyry is characterized by high SiO2 (50.99%-52.89%), alkali (Na2O+K2O=4.83%-9.42%), A/CNK (1.13-2.40), LREE enrichment, strong negative Eu anomalies (δEu=0.12-0.32), enrichment of LILE such as Rb, Th, U and K, depletion of HFSE such as Ta, Nb, P and Ti and transition elements such as Sr and Ba. According to the electron microprobe analyses, the An values of the albite in granite porphyry are by far lower than 10 (0.03-4.64). These features are similar to the features of typical highly evolved A2 post-orogenic alkali feldspar granite pluton, suggesting that the magma was derived from the lithospheric mantle and formed in the tensional setting. Combined with the geological characteristics and previous research results, the authors hold hat the metallogenic geological body of the Bianjiadayuan area is the granite porphyry pluton, and there is still a great potential for mineralization in the deep part of western mining area.
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图 1 中国东北区域地质构造图（a）及大兴安岭中南段侵入岩分布情况及地质矿产简图（b）（底图据Liu et al., 2016b和项目组成果）
Figure 1.
图 9 边家大院花岗斑岩和辉石闪长岩SiO2-全碱图解（a）（底图据Irvine and Baragar, 1971；Middlemost, 1994）及SiO2-K2O岩石系列判别图（b）（底图据Peccerillo and Taylor, 1976）
Figure 9.
图 10 花岗斑岩和辉石闪长岩稀土元素球粒陨石标准化图解（a）及微量元素标准化图解（b）（标准化值据Sun and Mcdonough, 1989）
Figure 10.
图 12 A型花岗岩判别图解（A，I，S，M分别代表A型、I型、S型、M型花岗岩；底图据Whalen et al., 1987）
Figure 12.
图 14 δEu-La/Y判别图解（a）、A型花岗岩Nb-Ce-Y分类图解（b）、花岗岩lg[CaO/(Na2O+K2O)]-SiO2构造环境判别图解（c）、Y-Nb构造环境判别图解（d）（底图据Brown, 1982; Pearce et al., 1984; Eby, 1992）
Figure 14.
表 1 边家大院花岗斑岩与辉石闪长岩锆石U-Pb分析数据
Table 1. U-Pb dating results of zircons from porphyritic granite and pyroxene diorite in Bianjiadayuan deposit
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表 2 边家大院花岗斑岩与辉石闪长岩主量元素（%）微量元素（10-6）分析结果
Table 2. Compositions of major elements (%) and rare elements (×10-6) of porphyritic granite and pyroxene diorite in Bianjiadayuan deposit
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表 3 边家大院花岗斑岩钠长石电子探针分析结果（%）
Table 3. Electron microprobe analyses (%) of the albite in porphyritic granite of the Bianjiadayuan deposit
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