The role of viruses and bacteria and other microorganisms in the history of the earth biological evolution
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摘要:
病毒与细菌统称为微生物。病毒与细菌之害是生物生存遭遇到的最大的灾害，不仅在人类社会历史上留下了深重灾难，而且在地球生物演化史上也是大灭绝的重要推手。虽然病毒和细菌难以形成实体化石，但却以一种特殊的分子化石成为了侦探地质时期生物大灭绝的神针。本文以地球微生物学为指导，以蓝细菌和绿硫细菌分子化石为例，综合有关研究成果，解读了微生物学、病毒和细菌以及微生物岩的有关知识，帮助人们认识地球生物演化史上二次重要的大灭绝事件。本文还从人类演化过程中的农业革命，阐明了人菌共生关系及带来的启示。
Abstract:Viruses and bacteria are generally called microorganisms. The disaster of viruses and bacteria is the biggest one encountered by living creatures. It not only has left a serious disaster in the history of human society but also has been an important promoter of the mass extinction in the history of the evolution of the Earth's life. Although it is difficult for viruses and bacteria to form solid fossils, a special molecular fossil has become a magic needle for the detection of biological extinction in geological times. With earth microbiology as the guide and cyanobacteria and green sulfur bacteria molecular fossils as the study case, the authors comprehensively explained relevant research results and interpreted the relevant knowledge of microbiology, viruses and bacteria, and microbial rocks, thus helping people understand the two most important events of mass extinction in the history of the earth's biological evolution. This paper also clarifies the association relationship between human and fungus based on the enlightenment from the agricultural revolution in the process of human evolution.
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Key words:
- viruses /
- bacteria /
- microbiology /
- biological evolution /
- mass extinction /
- green sulfur bacteria /
- cyanobacteria
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图 4 叠层石（引自https://image.baidu.com/）
Figure 4.
图 5 蓝细菌（引自https://image.baidu.com/）
Figure 5.
图 6 二叠纪生物（引自https://image.baidu.com/）
Figure 6.
图 7 二叠纪末生物大灭绝（引自https://image.baidu.com/）
Figure 7.
图 8 农业革命开始的驯养家畜（引自https://image.baidu.com/search/）
Figure 8.
图 9 人与新冠病毒（引自https://new.qq.com/rain/a/20200221A02ZBM00）
Figure 9.
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