Petrogenesis of the Qijianfeng granite in southern Tongbai-Dabie orogenic belt:Constraints from geochemistry, zircon U-Pb age and Hf isotope
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摘要:
以桐柏—大别造山带南缘七尖峰花岗岩体为研究对象，进行了详细的同位素年代学和元素-同位素地球化学研究，对其岩石成因和桐柏—大别造山带南缘早白垩世构造背景与钼成矿作用进行了探讨。锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年结果表明，七尖峰花岗岩形成年龄为（140±1）Ma，说明其为早白垩世岩浆活动的产物。地球化学研究表明，七尖峰花岗岩具有高SiO2（72.88%~73.60%）、低MgO（0.33%~0.36%），高Sr（620×10-6~642×10-6）、Sr/Y（107~111）比值，低Y（5.65×10-6~5.95×10-6）、Yb（0.52×10-6~0.59×10-6）、无Eu负异常的地球化学特征，是典型的埃达克岩。岩体富K2O、贫Cr和Ni，具有富集的Sr-Nd同位素组成（ISr=0.7075~0.7078，εNd（t）=-15.5~-15.1），锆石εHf（t）值在-19.9~-13.2变化，对应的两阶段Nd和Hf模式年龄分别介于2.15~2.19 Ga和2.00~2.43 Ga，暗示七尖峰花岗岩是由古老的加厚下地壳含石榴石角闪岩部分熔融形成。结合前人的研究成果，认为桐柏—大别造山带白垩纪存在两期与钼成矿密切相关的岩浆事件，早期（>130 Ma）与加厚下地壳部分熔融有关，晚期（< 130 Ma）则形成于非加厚地壳部分熔融，证明桐柏—大别造山带南缘早白垩世（约130 Ma）经历了从碰撞挤压地壳加厚到碰撞后伸展地壳减薄的构造垮塌演化过程。
Abstract:Based on comprehensive geochronological, elemental and isotopic geochemical studies of the Qijianfeng granite in southern Tongbai-Dabie orogenic belt, the authors investigated the petrogenesis as well as the geodynamic settings and Mo mineralization of southern Tongbai-Dabie orogenic belt during Early Cretaceous. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating yielded an age of (140±1) Ma for the Qijianfeng granite. The rocks exhibit adakitic characteristics, such as high SiO2 (72.88%-73.60%), low MgO (0.33%-0.36%), high Sr (620×10-6-642×10-6) content and high Sr/Y(107-111) ratios, low Y (5.65×10-6-5.95×10-6) and Yb (0.52×10-6-0.59×10-6) content, with negligible Eu anomalies. The rocks are enriched in K2O and depleted in Cr and Ni, and show enriched Sr-Nd isotopic compositions with initial 87Sr/86Sr and epsilon Nd(t) ranging from 0.7075 to 0.7078 and from -15.5 to -15.1, respectively. The rocks have zircon εHf(t) values of -19.9--13.2 with corresponding two-stage Nd and Hf model ages from 2.15 to 2.19 Ga and from 2.00 to 2.43 Ga respectively, suggesting that the magmas were derived from partial melting of ancient garnet-bearing amphibolites from the thickened lower crust. Combined with the previous studies, the authors propose two-stage magmatic activities and accompanying Mo mineralization during Early Cretaceous in southern Tongbai-Dabie orogenic belt. The first stage Mo-related rocks (>130 Ma) were derived from the partial melting of the thickened lower crust, while the second stage Mo-related rocks (< 130 Ma) were generated in a normal crustal environment. It is suggested that the southern Tongbai-Dabie orogenic belt experienced a tectonic transition from collisional compression to post-collisional extension, i.e., collapse, delamination and thinning of over-thickened orogenic crust and lithosphere during early Cretaceous (ca. 130 Ma).
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图 1 桐柏—大别造山带大地构造位置(a)和区域地质简图(b)（据Wang et al., 2014b修改）
Figure 1.
图 4 七尖峰花岗岩锆石阴极发光图像(a，实线和虚线圈分别代表U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素测点，“/”两侧分别为U-Pb年龄和εHf(t)值)、LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄谐和图(b)和加权平均年龄图(c)
Figure 4.
图 6 七尖峰花岗岩球粒陨石标准化的稀土配分模式图(a)及原始地幔标准化的多元素蛛网图(b)，球粒陨石和原始地幔标准化值引自Sun and McDonough(1989)
Figure 6.
图 9 七尖峰花岗岩Sr/Y-Y图解(a, Defant and Kepezhinskas, 2002)和(La/Yb)N-YbN图解(b, Drummond and Defant, 1990)，图例同图 5
Figure 9.
图 10 七尖峰花岗岩Al2O3-K2O/Na2O图解(a, Deng et al., 2016)及SiO2-MgO图解(b, Wang et al., 2007)，图例同图 5
Figure 10.
表 1 七尖峰花岗岩（17QJF01）LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测试结果
Table 1. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb analytical data for the Qijianfeng granite (17QJF01)
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表 2 七尖峰花岗岩主（%）、微量（10-6）元素分析结果
Table 2. Major(%)and trace elements(10-6)compositions of the Qijianfeng granite
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表 4 七尖峰花岗岩锆石Lu-Hf同位素分析结果
Table 4. In situ Lu-Hf isotopic data of zircon from the Qijianfeng granite
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表 5 桐柏—大别造山带早白垩世与钼成矿相关花岗岩特征汇总
Table 5. Summary of the early Cretaceous Mo-related granites in the Tongbai-Dabie orogenic belt
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