The tectonism-sedimentation constraints on Al-Ga coupling relation of coal-bearing strata and prediction of Ga favorable area
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摘要:
研究目的 开展有利于铝-镓共生的聚煤盆地类型、部位及层位预测。
研究方法 首先，通过铝-镓元素共生关系和聚煤盆地中煤-铝共生关系，以铝为纽带，探讨煤-铝-镓三者的耦合关系；继而通过不同类型聚煤盆地的聚煤强度差异，结合铝矿时空分布特征，开展有利于铝-镓共生的聚煤盆地类型及层位的讨论；最后，从含煤岩系沉积期构造-沉积作用入手，结合煤中镓测试数据，在鄂尔多斯盆地南缘开展含镓有利区预测。
研究结果 在诸多聚煤盆地类型中，大型稳定克拉通盆地的聚煤强度高，铝(镓)成矿作用也明显强；华北石炭纪—二叠纪煤中镓最优，华南晚二叠世次之，北方早中侏罗世最低；在鄂尔多斯盆地南缘的蒲白矿区煤中镓含量水平相对较高，底部煤层中镓的含量一般超过30 μg/g，其次是铜川矿区各煤层，煤中镓加权平均值为28 μg/g，黄陇侏罗纪煤田各矿区中部分样品镓含量超过30 μg/g，其中顶部的2号煤层附近镓含量相对最高，镓元素主要富集在煤层顶底板及其夹矸中，煤层本身镓含量较低；最终预测了4处找镓有利区。
结论 煤与铝(镓)间具有基本相同的成矿背景和密切相关的成矿条件，决定了含煤岩系中煤-铝-镓共生的内在成生联系和耦合关系，可构成煤-铝-镓同生成矿系列；不同类型、不同时代的聚煤盆地因基底稳定性和成盆机制的差异，既造成了聚煤强度的差异性，又控制了铝-镓富集程度差异性。
Abstract:This paper is the result of mineral exploration engineering.
Objective The type, location and horizon of coal accumulation basin conducive to aluminum-gallium symbiosis were predicted.
Methods The coupling relationship between coal, aluminum and gallium is discussed through the symbiotic relationship of aluminum and coal - aluminum in coal accumulation basin. Then, based on the differences of coal accumulation strength of different types of coal accumulation basins, combined with the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of aluminum ore, the types and horizon of coal accumulation basins conducive to the co-occurrence of aluminum and gallium are discussed. Based on the tectono-sedimentary process of coal-bearing rock series during the sedimentary period, combined with the gallium test data in coal, the prediction of gallium-bearing favorable areas in the southern margin of Ordos Basin is carried out.
Results Among the basin types, the large stable craton coal accumulation basin has high coal accumulation strength and obviously strong aluminum (gallium) mineralization. Gallium is the best in the Carboniferous-Permian coal in North China, the second in Late Permian in South China, and the lowest in Early and Middle Jurassic in North China. The content of gallium in the coal of Pubai mining area in the southern margin of Ordos Basin is relatively high, and the content of gallium in the bottom coal seam generally exceeds 30 μg /g, followed by the coal seam of Tongchuan mining area, the weighted average of gallium in coal is 28 μg/g, and there are 450 pieces of gallium content over 30 μg/g in various mining areas of Huanglong Jurassic coal field. The No. 2 coal layer at the top has the highest content of gallium, and gallium is mainly enriched in the roof and floor of coal seam and gangue. The content of gallium in coal seam itself is relatively low. Finally, 4 favorable areas for finding gallium are predicted.
Conclusions Coal and aluminum (gallium) have basically the same ore-forming background and closely related ore-forming conditions, which determines the internal genesis and coupling relationship of coal-aluminum-gallium symbiosis in coal-bearing rock series, and can form coal-aluminum-gallium co-forming ore series. Due to the difference of basement stability and basin formation mechanism, the coal accumulation strength of different types and different times not only causes the difference, but also controls the difference of aluminum-gallium enrichment degree.
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表 1 辽东本溪地区含铝岩系综合地层剖面(据高兰等，2014)
Table 1. Comprehensive stratigraphic profiles of aluminum-bearing rocks in the Benxi area, eastern Liaoning(after Gao Lan et al., 2014)
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表 2 中国聚煤盆地分类(据程爱国和林大扬，2001)
Table 2. Classification of coal-accumulating basins in China (after Cheng Aiguo and Lin Dayang, 2001)
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表 3 渭北石炭—二叠纪煤田各矿区Ga异常点汇总
Table 3. Summary of Ga anomalies in various mining areas of Carboniferous-Permian coalfield in north of Weihe river
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表 4 黄陵矿区煤中Ga异常点汇总
Table 4. Summary of Ga anomalies of coal species in Huangling mining area
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