The eco-geochemical characteristics of germanium and its relationship with the genuine medicinal material Scutellaria baicalensis in Chengde, Hebei Province
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摘要:
道地药材生长与生态地球化学研究对实现中医药科学化和标准化具有重要意义。从承德市滦河流域与金沟屯和五道岭典型研究区阐明区域尺度和不同地质建造区Ge元素地球化学背景特征，结合多元统计采用基于Nb元素的质量迁移系数、化学蚀变指数CIA和残积系数RF、生物富集系数论述Ge元素在基岩-风化壳-土壤-黄芩系统中的迁移聚集规律，探讨Ge元素生态地球化学特征与道地药材黄芩的适生关系。结果表明：滦河流域表层土壤Ge元素平均含量为1.336 mg·kg-1，43.54%土壤样品Ge元素含量属丰富—较丰富水平；金沟屯和五道岭区表层土壤Ge元素平均含量分别为1.352 mg·kg-1和1.268 mg·kg-1。不同地质建造和表层土壤Ge元素含量与TFe2O3含量显著相关，土壤含铁矿物对Ge元素具有吸附作用。Ge元素含量随岩土风化程度升高而增大，金沟屯区土壤风化程度高于五道岭区，土壤成熟度相对较高，Ge元素富集程度相对较高。岩石风化过程中Ge元素与TFe2O3、V、Ti、Co、P、Pb、Cu、Zn、Al2O3、SiO2、K2O、Na2O质量迁移系数值相近，风化土壤与新鲜基岩Si和Ge含量发生明显分异，Ge元素主要来源于硅酸盐矿物风化过程中晶格破裂和金属硫化物矿物风化释放。金沟屯和五道岭黄芩Ge元素BCF平均值分别为0.014和0.020，黄芩根部对土壤Fe与Ge的吸收表现出明显的协同作用，土壤pH影响着Ge元素形态和生物有效性。区域土壤丰富的Fe、P和Sr元素含量为优质黄芩生长提供了有利条件；Fe族元素含量丰富，pH呈微碱性的沙壤质土壤为道地药材黄芩适宜生长和定向栽培种植区。
Abstract:The investigation of the relationship between the growth of genuine medicinal materials and eco-geochemical conditions is of great significance for the scientific development and standardization of traditional Chinese medicine. The geochemical background characteristics of Ge element in different geological formations and spatial scales were clarified in the regional scale of Luanhe River Basin and two Chinese herbal medicine planting demonstration areas of Jingoutun and Wudaoling. A multivariate statistical analysis method was used to analyze the eco-geochemical characteristics of germanium and its relationship with the genuine medicinal material Scutellaria baicalensis combined with mass transfer coefficient, chemical index of alteration, residual factor and bioconcentration factor. The results indicate that the average content of Ge element in the surface soil of Luanhe River Basin is 1.336 mg·kg-1, and the content of Ge element in 43.54% of soil samples was generally categorized as belonging to rich to abundant level, while the average content of Ge element in the surface soil of Jingoutun and Wudaoling area is 1.352 mg·kg-1 and 1.268 mg·kg-1. The Ge element content of different geological formations and surface soil is significantly related to the TFe2O3 content, and the iron-bearing minerals in the soil have an adsorption effect on the Ge element. The soil-regolith-rock samples with higher degree of weathering and maturity tend to have higher Ge content. The weathering degree and soil maturity of Jingoutun area is higher than that of Wudaoling area as well as the enrichment of Ge element. The mass transfer coefficient based on Nb of Ge element is similar to that of TFe2O3, V, Ti, Co, P, Pb, Cu, Zn, Al2O3, SiO2, K2O and Na2O. The ratio of Si/Ge changes significantly during the weathering process, which shows an antagonistic effect. The Ge element is mainly derived from the fracture of silicate mineral lattice and metal sulfide minerals released during their weathering process. The average bioconcentration factors of Ge element in Scutellaria baicalensis of Jingoutun and Wudaoling are 0.014 and 0.020 respectively. The root of Scutellaria baicalensis shows an obvious synergistic effect on the absorption of Fe and Ge in soil. The soil pH values have an important impact on the speciation and bioavailability of Ge element. The rich Fe, P and Sr values in the regional soil provide favorable conditions for the growth of high-quality Scutellaria baicalensis. The soil with abundant Fe group element content, slightly alkaline pH values and sand texture with better air permeability is suitable for the cultivation and growth of authentic Scutellaria baicalensis.
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表 1 不同基岩建造土壤-风化层-基岩系统Ge元素含量（mg·kg-1）
Table 1. Ge content of soil-regolith layer-bedrock system in different bedrock formations(mg·kg-1)
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表 2 典型研究区表层土壤元素地球化学含量统计
Table 2. Statistics of geochemical element content of soil samples in typical study area
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表 3 典型研究区黄芩样品元素含量
Table 3. Elemental content of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi samples in typical study area
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表 4 不同作物样品Ge（μg·kg-1）和Fe（mg·kg-1）含量对比
Table 4. Ge and Fe content of different crop samples
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