Sedimentary evolution and controlling factors of the Middle-Upper Jurassic in the western part of the southern Junggar Basin
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摘要:
针对准噶尔盆地南缘中、上侏罗统沉积体系演化控制因素不清、沉积模式不明等问题，通过对多条露头剖面精细解剖、详尽写实沉积特征描述等手段，分析了其垂向序列、砂体叠置方式、水动力条件、沉积体系演化及控制因素。研究表明准南中、上侏罗统自下而上分别发育辫状河沉积、曲流河沉积和扇三角洲沉积，古气候与构造造成的水动力条件的变化是控制这种沉积演化的主要因素。其中头屯河组底部发育辫状河沉积，古气候温暖湿润，形成堆叠型砂体叠置方式；中部发育辫-曲转换沉积，古气候开始初步干旱，形成紧密叠置型砂体；上部发育曲流河沉积，降雨量较少古气候干旱，形成孤立河道型砂体。齐古组发育季节性曲流河沉积，古气候较为干旱，在湿润期降雨量较充足时发育侧向迁移型砂体，干旱期则发育侧向连片型砂体。喀拉扎组发育扇三角洲沉积，古气候整体炎热干旱，构造活动剧烈，碎屑水道在扇三角洲平原构成垂向切割型砂体，而前缘水下分流河道则构成侧向切割型砂体。
Abstract:In order to solve the problems of the unclear sedimentary patterns and uncertain control factors of sedimentary evolution of the Middle-Upper Jurassic in the southern margin of the Junggar Basin, the vertical sequence, sand body superposition mode, hydrodynamic conditions, sedimentary system evolution and control factors were analyzed by means of fine dissection of several sections and detailed sedimentary description of outcrops in the field. The research shows that braided river sediments, river sediments and fan delta sediments of Middle-Upper Jurassic were deposited from bottom to top, and the changes in hydrodynamic conditions caused by paleoclimate and tectonic events are the main controlling factors of the sedimentary evolution. Specifically, at the bottom of the Toutunhe Formation, braided river sediments were deposited in a warm and humid paleoclimate, forming a stacking pattern of stacked sand bodies; in the middle, braided-meandering river sediments were deposited when the paleoclimate began to be initially arid, forming tightly superimposed sand bodies; and in its upper part, meandering river deposits were developed and isolated channel sand bodies were formed under the condition of less rainfall and paleoclimate drought. As to the Qigu Formation, seasonal meandering river sediments were deposited under arid paleoclimate conditions; the lateral migration sand bodies were developed when the rainfall was sufficient during the wetting period; and laterally continuous sand bodies were developed during the dry period. The Kalaza Formation fan-delta sediments were deposited under hot and dry paleoclimate and intense tectonic activities. The detrital channel formed a vertical cutting sand body in the delta plain, while its frontier underwater distributary channel formed a lateral cutting sand body.
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