Genesis of pyrite from the Mengqiguer uranium deposit in Ili Basin of Xinjiang and its implication for mineralization
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摘要:
蒙其古尔铀矿床是近年伊犁盆地内发现的规模最大的砂岩型铀矿床，为了研究该矿床成矿物质来源、成矿流体性质及成矿环境等问题，本文以该矿床中与矿石矿物沥青铀矿、铀石等密切共生的脉石矿物黄铁矿为研究对象，分别对该矿床中西山窑组和八道湾组砂岩中黄铁矿微量元素、稀土元素及硫同位素地球化学特征进行了系统分析。结果表明：黄铁矿的稀土元素表现为相似的特征，即LREE明显较HREE富集（LaN/YbN=4.27~9.82）、明显负铕异常（δEu=0.50~0.71）和基本无铈异常（δCe=0.93~1.04）的特征；微量元素中Co含量为2.1×10-6~26.7×10-6，Ni含量为19.5×10-6~79.30×10-6，Co/Ni比值为0.07~0.88，As含量为8.90×10-6~95.60×10-6，相对于大陆地壳As平均含量富集；硫同位素组成具有相对宽泛的变化范围，δ34SCDT为-17.30‰~3.90‰，极差为21.20‰。综合蒙其古尔铀矿床黄铁矿的稀土元素、微量元素和硫同位素组成特征，结合区内成矿地质背景，认为蒙其古尔铀矿床中的黄铁矿为沉积成因且形成于低温还原环境；黄铁矿中的硫主要源于具微生物成因特征的煤和沉积硫化物；在铀成矿作用过程中，黄铁矿和炭屑等有机质为铀成矿作用提供了发生氧化还原反应所需的还原剂。
Abstract:The Mengqiguer uranium deposit in the Ili Basin is the largest sandstone-hosted one discovered in recent years. In order to research the source of ore-forming materials, the properties of ore-forming fluids and the metallogenic environment of the deposit, a geochemical studies on trace elements and sulfur isotope of the pyrites (the gangue minerals in Xishanyao Formation and Badaowan Formation, which closely related to ore minerals such as uraninite and coffinite) were carried out systematically. The results show that the REEs of pyrite in each sample exhibits a similar distribution pattern, that is, LREE is significantly more enriched than HREE (LaN/YbN=4.27-9.82), with strong negative Eu anomaly (δEu=0.50-0.71) and no Ce anomaly (δCe=0.93-1.04).The Co contents of pyrite range from 2.1×10-6 to 26.7×10-6, Ni from 19.5×10-6 to 79.30×10-6, the ratio of Co/Ni from 0.07 to 0.88, and As from 8.90×10-6 to 95.60×10-6 higher than the average As content of the continental crust. The sulfur isotope composition of pyrite has a relatively wide range of variation, i.e. δ34SCDT ranging from -17.30‰ to 3.90‰, with the change range of 21.20‰. Combined with characteristics of REEs, trace elements and sulfur isotope composition of pyrites and regional metallogenic setting, it is suggested that pyrite in this deposit is of sedimentary origin and was formed in a low temperature reduction environment. It is concluded that the sulfur of pyrite mainly originates from coal and sedimentary sulfide with microbial genetic characteristics, and pyrites and charcoal debris (organic matters) provide reductants for redox reactions during uranium mineralization.
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Key words:
- pyrite /
- trace elements /
- sulfur isotope /
- ore-forming fluid /
- Mengqiguer uranium deposit /
- mineral exploration engineering /
- Iili /
- Xinjiang
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图 4 蒙其古尔铀矿床黄铁矿Co-Ni含量分布图（底图据Bajwah et al., 1987修改）
Figure 4.
表 1 样品特征及采样位置
Table 1. Sample characteristics and sampling location in the Mengqiguer uranium deposit
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表 2 蒙其古尔铀矿床黄铁矿的稀土元素含量（10-6）及其特征值
Table 2. REE compositions and characteristic values of pyrites from the Mengqiguer uranium deposit(10-6)
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表 3 蒙其古尔铀矿床黄铁矿的微量元素含量（10-6）
Table 3. Trace element compositions of pyrites from the Mengqiguer uranium deposit(10-6)
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表 4 蒙其古尔铀矿床黄铁矿硫同位素测试结果
Table 4. Sulfur isotope composition of pyrite from the Mengqiguer uranium deposit
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