Paleo−environment reconstruction of the oyster reefs around 4.2 ka BP in the North West Coast of Bohai Bay, China
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摘要:
研究目的 越来越多的高分辨率古气候记录证实全新世存在一系列数十年至百年尺度的快速波动，而这种突然的气候变化与人类社会经济发展有着非常密切的关系。4.2 ka BP气候突变事件在亚洲、非洲、北美洲以及地中海和南欧等地均有记录，表明了它的全球性特征。但在海陆交互的海岸带、特别是中国北方泥质海岸带地区，该事件的记录迄今未得到充分证实。
研究方法 本文以渤海湾西北岸相距1~6 km的岭头、罾口河及俵口南部3处埋藏牡蛎礁体及其上覆泥层为研究对象，通过硅藻分析（83个样品）、加速器14C测年（32个数据）与沉积学研究，重建了礁体及上覆泥层所记录的古环境信息，同时探索了可能存在的“4.2 ka BP事件”在海岸带的印记。
研究结果 全新世以来，研究区依次经历了早全新世潮上带盐沼至潮间带→中全新世潮下带—潮间带中下部—潮间带中上部→晚全新世沼泽−盐沼低地沉积环境演变的海进−海退过程。在约7 ka cal BP以来，3处礁体先后出现，气候温暖。随着礁体的向上建造，海水影响减弱，在5~4.3 ka cal BP时，3处礁体进入潮间带中下部，气候相对寒冷，致使3处礁体同时在4.2~4 ka cal BP时停止建礁，随即被上覆泥层覆盖。
研究结论 研究区在5~4 ka cal BP发生了一次气候波动过程：5~4.3 ka cal BP期间相对寒冷，4.3 ka cal BP后逐渐转暖，气候变化事件的转折点发生于约4.3 ka cal BP。这一明显的环境变化是中国北方泥质海岸带地区对“4.2 ka BP事件”的响应。
Abstract:This paper is the result of coastal geological survey engineering.
Objective More and more high resolution paleoclimatic records confirm that a number of subcentennial climate abrupt change events were exit in the Holocene. Such abrupt climate change events had a very close relationship with the social and economic development of human. 4.2 ka BP event are recorded in Asia, North America, the Mediterranean, Southern Europe and other places which indicated that this event were global in extent. However, the record of this evnent has not been adequently substantiated in the coastal zone, especially in northern China muddy coastal zones.
Methods This paper focuses on three buried oyster reefs and their overlying mud layers located 1−6 km apart on the northwest coast of Bohai Bay, namely Lingtou, Zengkouhe and the sourthern part of Biaokou. Through diatom analysis (83 samples), AMS 14C dating (32 data) and sedimentological research, the environmental information recorded by the reefs and overlying mud layers was reconstructed, and the possible imprints of the ‘4.2 ka BP event’ in the coastal zone were discussed.
Results The study area experienced a transgression−regression environment evolution from upper tidal salt marsh to intertidal zone in the Early Holocene→subtidal zone to lower and middle part of intertidal zone to middle and upper part of intertidal zone in the Mid−Holocene→salt marsh lowlands in the Late Holocene. At about 7 ka cal BP ago, three reefs appeared one after another, and as the reefs build up, the influence of the seawater become weakened. At about 5−4.3 ka cal BP, the three reefs entered the lower and middle part of the intertidal zone, the climate became colder and lead the three reefs be buried at the same time of 4.2−4 ka cal BP and covered by the overlying mud immediately.
Conclusions A climate fluctuation process occurred during 5−4 ka cal BP in the study area. The climate became colder during 5−4.3 ka cal BP, and gradually warmed after 4.3 ka cal BP. The turning point of the climate change occurred at about 4.3 ka cal BP. We speculate that this climate fluctuation was probably a response to the ‘4.2 ka BP event’ in the north muddy coast of China.
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图 4 岭头礁体剖面图与硅藻组合特征（据商志文等, 2010b修改）
Figure 4.
图 5 罾口河礁体剖面图与硅藻组合特征（据商志文等, 2013
1 修改）Figure 5.
表 1 俵口南部、岭头与罾口河牡蛎礁剖面AMS 14C测年结果
Table 1. AMS 14C dating results of south Biaokou, Lingtou and Zengkouhe oyster reefs
剖面 实验室编号 深度/m 测试物 惯用年龄/BP 14C校正年龄(2σ)/cal BP 备注 俵口南部
礁体Beta-525540 3.05 光滑河篮蛤 3890±30 4104（4286~3918） ZK23 Beta-525539 7.58 纵肋织纹螺 5580±30 6178（6285~6005） Beta-525537 7.70 纵肋织纹螺 7450±30 8085（8213~7949） Beta-525538 8.51 光滑河篮蛤 7470±30 8104（8252~7969） ZK13 Beta-525543 2.7 菲律宾蛤仔 3850±30 4046（4224~3875） ZK6 Beta-525544 8.5 光滑河篮蛤 6660±30 7356（7461~7244） Beta-525541 3.7 毛蚶 3850±30 4046（4224~3875） ZK33 Beta-525542 8.5 纹斑棱蛤 7370±30 8007（8153~7899） 岭头
礁体2000Y109 3.2~3.3 伴生梯蛤Trapezium liratum壳，文石 3916±108 4142（4471~3820） 商志文等, 2016 2000Y108 3.3~3.7 牡蛎Crassotrea gigas韧带及相邻的生长层，
原生方解石3980±30 4336（4651~3998） BA 110339 3.1~3.3 3980±30 4234（4404~4069） BA 110338 3.4~3.7 4090±35 4378（4550~4195） BA 110337 4.2~4.5 4055±30 4331（4494~4154） 罾口河
礁体BA 110317 2.8 牡蛎Crassotrea gigas韧带及相邻的生长层，
原生方解石3965±30 4212（4399~4047） BA 110318 3.0 4070±30 4350（4511~4172） BA 110319 3.1 4245±30 4595（4780~4430） BA 110320 3.15 4180±25 4499（4342~4697） BA 110321 3.2 4215±25 4550（4402~4770） BA 110322 3.25 4590±25 5031（4858~5230） BA 110323 3.3 4605±25 5057（4874~5246） BA 110325 3.4 4655±30 5129（4946~5291） BA 110326 3.45 4835±25 5370（5251~5523） BA 110327 3.5 5295±35 5845（5691~5985） BA 110328 3.8 5320±60 5875（6090~5682） BA 110329 4.0 6250±35 6913（6746~7099） BA 110330 4.0 6185±35 6832（6671~6985） BA 110331 4.2 5885±40 6487（6329~6640） BA 110332 4.4 5850±35 6446（6301~6598） BA 110333 4.6 6220±40 6875（6704~7062） BA 110334 4.8 6100±50 6735（6555~6915） BA 110335 5.0 6425±40 7123（6955~7260） BA 110336 5.1 6290±40 6967（7124~6796） 
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