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摘要:
长江经济带发展战略实施以来，长江上、中、下游地区经济快速发展，与此同时，生态系统不可避免受到扰动，长江经济带生态环境状况面临压力，亟需开展长江经济带生态环境质量评价。本文选取2001年和2020年MODIS和Landsat遥感影像计算湿度、绿度、干度、热度4个评价指标，通过主成分分析方法计算遥感生态指数RSEI，对长江经济带11省（市）生态环境现状及变化进行定量分析评价。结果表明长江经济带整体生态环境等级为较优，2001—2020年保持总体向好态势。空间分布上，生态环境优等区域主要分布于武夷山、罗霄山、雪峰山、武陵山、巫山、大巴山、大别山、西双版纳等山地丘陵一带，生态环境较差及差等区域主要分布于大中小城镇等人类聚集地、川西横断山区。时空变化上，生态环境等级下降区域主要集中在长三角太湖周边、江汉平原、洞庭湖周边、安徽西北部、湖南南部及四川盆地等人类聚集地周边，生态环境等级上升区域主要集中在四川盆地大部、重庆山区及三峡库区、贵州大部、云南东南部、安徽中部及北部、江苏北部等地区。
Abstract:Since the implementation of the Yangtze River Economic Zone strategy, the economy of provinces and cities along the Yangtze River has developed rapidly. At the same time of economic growth, the ecosystem has been strongly disturbed. The ecological environment of the Yangtze River Economic Zone is facing a severe challenge, which seriously restricts the sustainable development of the Yangtze River Economic Zone. The MODIS and Landsat remote sensing images in 2001 and 2020 were selected as the evaluation indexes of humidity, greenness, dryness and heat to calculate the Remote Sensing Ecological Index (RSEI) by means of principal component analysis method, and finally to quantitatively analyze and evaluate the ecological environment status and changes of 11 provinces and cities in the Yangtze River Economic Zone. The results show that the overall ecological environment grade of the Yangtze River economic zone is optimal, and especially it maintained the overall stable and slightly better trend from 2001 to 2020. The optima ecological environment regions are mainly distributed in Wuyi Mountain, Luoxiao Mountain, Xuefeng Mountain, Wuling Mountain, Wushan Mountain, Dabie Mountain, Xishuangbanna and other areas, while the poor and poor ecological environment regions are mainly distributed in large, medium and small towns, Hengduan Mountain Area in Western Sichuan. The eco-environment grade declining areas are mainly concentrated in the Yangtze River Delta, Taihu Lake, Jianghan Plain, Dongting Lake, Northwest Anhui, southern Hunan and Sichuan Basin. While, the eco-environment grade rising areas are mainly concentrated in most of Sichuan Basin, Chongqing mountain area and Three Gorges Reservoir area, most of Guizhou, Southeast Yunnan, central and Northern Anhui and Northern Jiangsu.
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表 3 2020年长江经济带生态环境遥感评估等级表
Table 3. Remote sensing assessment grade table of the ecological environment of the Yangtze River Economic Zone (2020)
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表 4 2020年长江经济带各省市生态环境统计表
Table 4. Ecological environment statistics of each province and city in the Yangtze River Economic Zone (2020)
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表 5 2001—2020年长江经济带生态环境等级变化及面积占比
Table 5. Changes in the ecological environment grade and area proportion of the Yangtze River Economic Zone from 2001 to 2020
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表 6 2001年和2020年长江经济带各省市平均生态环境指数
Table 6. Average ecological environment index of each province and city in the Yangtze River Economic Zone in 2001 and 2020
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