Characteristics and distribution of fault−controlled carbonate reservoirs in Yijianfang Formation of Yueman area, northern Tarim Basin
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摘要:
研究目的 跃满区块位于塔里木盆地哈拉哈塘油田塔里木河南岸地区，其奥陶系一间房组碳酸盐岩储层发育。勘探开发成果显示，该区高产井主要沿区内4条走滑断裂分布，并且沿断裂带表现出油气产量差异，具有较强的非均质性，储层受断裂控制明显，因此明确该类断控型储层特征及分布规律对油气勘探和开发具有重要意义。
研究方法 论文综合利用钻测井数据与岩心分析，结合三维地震资料，分析储层岩石学特征、储层类型及其发育规律，探讨优质储层与区内走滑断裂的耦合关系，以明确该类断控型储层的分布规律。
研究结果 区内一间房组储集岩类型以生屑灰岩、砂屑灰岩、颗粒灰岩、泥晶灰岩为主，孔隙度与渗透率均较低。根据储集空间类型，储层可分为洞穴型储层、裂缝−孔洞型储层、裂缝型储层与孔洞型储层4类，洞穴型储层垂向上沿主干断层呈串珠状发育，裂缝−孔洞型、裂缝型与孔洞型储层沿断裂带状发育。
结论 走滑断裂的分段性控制着优质储层的分布，断裂马尾段、斜列段和叠覆段储层发育最佳，分支断层斜交段发育一般，线性段则发育较差，在此基础上，高能相带叠加区相对非叠加区储层发育更佳。
Abstract:This paper is the result of oil and gas geological exploration engineering.
Objective The carbonate reservoirs of the Ordovician Yijianfang Formation are developed in Yueman area, south of Tarim River in Halahatang oilfield, Tarim Basin. The exploration and development results show that the high−producing wells are mainly distributed along four strike−slip faults in the area, and the oil and gas production along the fault zone is different, with strong heterogeneity, and the reservoirs are obviously controlled by faults. Therefore, it is of great significance for oil and gas exploration and development to clarify the characteristics and distribution regularities of fault−controlled reservoirs.
Methods In this paper, based on drilling logging data, cores data and 3D seismic data, the petrological characteristics, reservoir types and development regularities are analyzed, and the coupling relationship between high−quality reservoirs and strike−slip faults is discussed to clear the distribution regularities of such fault−controlled reservoirs.
Results The reservoir rock types of Yijianfang Formation in the area are mainly bioclastic limestone, arenaceous limestone, granular limestone and micritic limestone, with low porosity and permeability. According to the types of reservoir space, the reservoirs can be divided into four types: cavernous reservoirs, vuggy reservoirs, fractured reservoirs and fractured−vuggy reservoirs. The cavernous reservoirs develop vertically along the main fault, the vuggy reservoirs, fractured reservoirs and fractured−vuggy reservoirs are banded distributed along the fault.
Conclusion The structure of strike−slip faults controls the distribution of high−quality reservoirs, and the reservoir stratums in Horsetail, en echelon and overlap sections of faults are the best developed, the oblique intersection sections of branching faults are fair developed, while the linear sections are poorly developed. On this basis, the reservoirs in the superposition area of high−energy facies belts are better developed than those in the non−superposition area.
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图 7 塔北至塔中地区（a，据Wu et al., 2021修改）跃满区块（b）走滑断裂体系纲要图
Figure 7.
表 1 跃满区块漏失统计
Table 1. Lost circulation statistics in Yueman area
序号 井号 放空长/m 漏失量/m3 序号 井号 放空长/m 漏失量/m3 1 跃满1 1.92 355 18 跃满5−4X 6.39 659 2 跃满10 0 506.12 19 跃满5−5 1.85 148.4 3 跃满1−1 0 535.7 20 跃满601 0 373.7 4 跃满1−3 0.12 118.24 21 跃满6C 0 215.5 5 跃满1−5 0.76 0 22 跃满701 0 260.4 6 跃满2−2C 0 1200 23 跃满701−H1 1.11 1494.4 7 跃满2−4X 1.41 2049 24 跃满702 0 133.2 8 跃满3 0 253.4 25 跃满703 2.72 252.2 9 跃满3−1 1.49 307.1 26 跃满7−1X 0 1558.11 10 跃满3−2C 0 1063.2 27 跃满7−2X 0.34 1527.19 11 跃满3−3 0.93 348.5 28 跃满7JS 19.1 3231.33 12 跃满3−5 0.74 114.6 29 跃满8 4.02 773.5 13 跃满3−5C 8 1064.6 30 跃满801 2.79 1389.18 14 跃满3−6X 0.96 241.6 31 跃满801−H6 2.59 549.4 15 跃满3−7X 0 9.9 32 跃满802 1.45 329.7 16 跃满4 0 43.8 33 跃满8−1 6.34 286.2 17 跃满5−3 0 269.4 34 跃满9 9.25 811 
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表 2 跃满区块钻井储层统计（跃满1−3—跃满102）
Table 2. Reservoir statistics of drilling in Yueman area (Yueman 1−3−Yueman 102)
分段 井号 顶深/m 底深/m 层厚/m 类型 顶深/m 底深/m 层厚/m 类型 马尾段 跃满1−3 7209 7224 15 Ⅲ 7282 7290 8 Ⅲ 7270 7276 6 Ⅲ 跃满1−1 7217 7223 6 Ⅱ 7227.5 7238 10.5 Ⅱ 7223 7227.5 4.5 Ⅱ 跃满1−5 7226 7232 6 Ⅲ 7287 7289.5 2.5 Ⅲ 7255 7261.5 6.5 Ⅲ 7295.5 7298.5 3 Ⅲ 7275.5 7278 2.5 Ⅲ 7301.5 7303.5 2 Ⅱ 7282.5 7285.5 3 Ⅲ 跃满1 7259.5 7265.5 6 Ⅲ 7268.5 7277 8.5 III 7265.5 7268.5 3 II 跃满1−4 7297 7301 4 Ⅱ 7303.5 7307 3.5 Ⅲ 跃满9 7586.8 7588.9 2.1 Ⅱ 7591 7598 7 Ⅱ 跃满1−8 7302.5 7305 2.5 Ⅲ 7343.5 7350 6.5 Ⅲ 7311 7317.5 6.5 Ⅱ 跃满102 7282 7297 15 Ⅲ 7300.5 7306 5.5 Ⅱ 7297 7300.5 3.5 Ⅲ 7306 7312.5 6.5 Ⅱ
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表 4 跃满区块钻井储层统计（跃满704—跃满3−3）
Table 4. Reservoir statistics of drilling in Yueman area (Yueman 704−Yueman 3−3)
分段 井号 顶深/m 底深/m 层厚/m 类型 顶深/m 底深/m 层厚/m 类型 斜列段 跃满704 7307.5 7311 3.5 Ⅲ 7364 7370.5 6.5 Ⅲ 7338.5 7340 1.5 Ⅱ 7370.5 7378 7.5 Ⅱ 7340 7344.5 4.5 Ⅲ 跃满703 7277.9 7289.7 11.8 Ⅲ 7298 7300.92 2.92 Ⅰ 线性段 跃满701 7315.7 7321.5 5.8 Ⅰ 斜列段 跃满7 7234 7242.5 8.5 Ⅲ 7265.5 7270.5 5 Ⅲ 7242.5 7248.5 6 II 7270.5 7275 4.5 Ⅰ 7257 7263 6 Ⅲ 跃满3−1 7224 7229 5 Ⅲ 7244 7246.5 2.5 Ⅲ 7234.5 7242.5 8 Ⅲ 7246.5 7251 4.5 Ⅰ 7242.5 7244 1.5 Ⅱ 分支断层
斜交段跃满3 7189.5 7198.5 9 Ⅲ 7219.4 7223.2 3.8 Ⅰ 7209 7216 7 Ⅱ 跃满3−5 7167.7 7171 3.3 Ⅰ 7197.88 7206.96 9.08 Ⅱ 7173.8 7180.9 7.1 Ⅰ 7206.96 7212.04 5.08 Ⅰ 7184.04 7197.88 13.84 Ⅲ 7212.04 7220 7.96 Ⅲ 跃满3−3 7158.62 7159.55 0.93 Ⅰ
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表 3 跃满区块钻井储层统计（跃满601—跃满2−1）
Table 3. Reservoir statistics of drilling in Yueman area (Yueman 601−Yueman 2−1)
分段 井号 顶深/m 底深/m 层厚/m 类型 顶深/m 底深/m 层厚/m 类型 线性段 跃满601 7313 7320 7 Ⅲ 7372.5 7379 6.5 Ⅱ 叠覆段 跃满6 7294 7296.28 2.28 Ⅱ 7302.04 7304 1.96 Ⅲ 7296.28 7300.6 4.32 Ⅲ 7304 7306 2 Ⅱ 7300.6 7302.04 1.44 Ⅱ 7308 7310.7 2.7 Ⅲ 跃满5−2 7277 7279 2 Ⅲ 7301.5 7304 2.5 Ⅲ 7284 7290.5 6.5 Ⅱ 7313 7315 2 Ⅲ 7290.5 7295 4.5 Ⅲ 7318 7319.5 1.5 Ⅲ 斜列段 跃满5 7272.5 7276.5 4 Ⅱ 7280 7281.5 1.5 Ⅱ 7276.5 7280 3.5 Ⅲ 7281.5 7289 7.5 Ⅲ 跃满5−3 7258.5 7271 12.5 Ⅲ 7279 7292 13 Ⅱ 跃满5−1 7248.5 7253 4.5 Ⅲ 7263 7269.5 6.5 Ⅱ 7253 7255 2 Ⅱ 7269.5 7277.5 8 Ⅲ 7255 7258.5 3.5 Ⅲ 7280.5 7282.5 2 Ⅲ 叠覆段 跃满2−3X 7274 7301.5 27.5 Ⅱ 7319 7323 4 Ⅱ 7313 7316 3 Ⅱ 7323 7326.5 3.5 Ⅲ 跃满2 7200.5 7212.5 12 Ⅲ 7245 7263 18 III 7221 7233.5 12.5 Ⅲ 7263 7273 10 Ⅲ 7233.5 7245 11.5 Ⅱ 跃满2−1 7304.5 7315.5 11 Ⅲ 7329.76 7334.44 4.68 Ⅰ 7315.5 7325 9.5 Ⅱ 7338 7341 3 Ⅱ
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