Natural radioactive level and ecological health assessment of coal-bearing strata in the East China
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摘要:
本次研究基于地表γ辐射剂量率、氡放射性测量及238U、232Th、226Ra、40K放射性核素测试，识别华东地区含煤岩系的放射性异常地层，评价区域典型煤矿区空气、固体、水体、植物介质的天然放射性水平。结果显示：赋存于石炭系、二叠系的普通煤田与赋存于寒武系的石煤矿区呈现显著差异的天然放射性水平。普通煤田矿区地表γ辐射剂量率、氡放射性测量值总体上处于本底水平范围，矿区固体介质、水体、植物样品核素含量处于正常水平，不存在放射性污染。华东地区石煤分布带，属于放射性γ辐射高背景区，石煤矿区的原煤、煤矸石、土壤、岩石等固体介质的238U、226Ra核素富集明显，并显示更为显著的空间变异性。区域石煤条带监测矿区居民源于γ外照射引起的吸收剂量均超过国际标准限值1 mSv/a，总有效剂量均超过了2 mSv/a，地下水总α、总β浓度为限值的10~30倍，放射性污染不容忽视。华东地区石煤矿区公众所受辐射剂量较高，矿区的地下水、建材、植物等介质已经出现零星的放射性污染，应加强石煤矿区放射性环境监测，及时采取适当的控制措施。
Abstract:Based on the measurement of γ radiation dose rate, radon radioactivity and 238U, 232Th, 226Ra, 40K radionuclide testing, the radioactive anomalies of coal-bearing strata in East China were identified to evaluate the specific activities of natural radio-nuclides in air, solid, water and plant in the typical area of the regional coal-bearing occurrences. The results show that there are significant differences in natural radioactivity between the Carboniferous-Permian common coalfields and the Cambrian stone coal occurrences. The γ radiation dose rate and radon radioactivity measured on the surface of ordinary coal mining area are generally in the background level range, and the nuclide content of solid medium, water body and plant samples in the mining area is in the normal level, and there is no radioactive pollution. The stone coal distribution zone in East China belongs to the high background region of radioactive γ radiation, and the 238U and 226Ra obviously are accumulated in coal, coal gangue, soil, rock, and the spatial distribution of these natural radionuclides shows significant variability. In the monitoring area, the effective dose of γ radiation exceeds the international limit value of 1 mSv/a, the total effective dose exceeded 2 mSv/a, and total α and total β concentrations of the groundwater are 10~30 times of the limit values. The γ radiation shows higher background value in the stone coal-bearing area, and radioactive pollution cannot be ignored. The public in the stone coal area of the East China is subjected to higher radiation dose, and groundwater, building material and plant have been contaminated by radioactive pollution sporadically. It is necessary to strengthen monitoring of radioactive environment and take appropriate control measures.
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表 1 华东地区放射性核素实验分析与放射性野外监测技术参数
Table 1. Measurement techniques for laboratory analyses and radioactivity survey parameters of the coal-bearing strata in the East China
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表 2 华东地区含煤岩系固体介质中天然放射性核素均值比活度
Table 2. The specific activities of natural radio-nuclides in solid media of coal-bearing strata in the East China
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表 3 华东地区含煤岩系水体介质样品天然放射性核素活度
Table 3. The specific activities of natural radio-nuclides in water media of coal-bearing strata in the East China
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表 4 华东地区含煤岩系植物样品天然放射性核素活度浓度
Table 4. The specific activities of natural radio-nuclides in plant sample of coal-bearing strata in the East China
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表 5 华东地区含煤岩系地表γ外照射、氡放射性监测及有效剂量
Table 5. Radioactivity monitoring of terrestrial γ-external dose rate, radon and annual effective dose of natural radio-nuclides in coal-bearing strata in the East China
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