Wetland resources, development and protection in China and management recommendations
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摘要:
研究目的 中国作为世界上湿地类型最齐全的国家之一，湿地面积5360.26万hm2，位居世界第四，但近几十年来随着人口迅猛膨胀和经济快速发展，中国面临着湿地保护与经济发展的矛盾冲突，分析中国湿地资源与开发保护现状及其退化原因是研讨湿地管理对策的前提。
研究方法 本文在分析中国湿地资源特征及其开发保护现状的基础上，系统总结了中国湿地损失和退化的驱动因素，由此提出中国湿地管理建议。
研究结果 中国湿地资源丰富，其在发挥水质净化、蓄水防洪、气候调节等功能的同时，为地方经济发展和当地居民提供了丰富的资源保障，并由此发展了一系列具有良好经济效益和社会效益的利用模式。同时中国高度重视湿地保护，颁布和实施了一系列湿地保护政策和工程，湿地保护率达52.65%。然而在人类活动和气候变化双重影响下，中国湿地面积萎缩现象仍然普遍存在，且在湿地保护修复管理实践中仍存在许多科学问题需要解决。
结论 当前中国湿地损失和退化趋势依然严峻，为进一步加强湿地保护，必须强化地球系统多学科的综合研究，同时需考虑经济可行和社会需求问题的约束，从而制订一个能满足社会经济发展要求且生态科学合理的可持续管理方案。
Abstract:This paper is the result of environmental geological survey engineering.
Objective As one of the countries with the most diverse types of wetlands, China has a wetland area of 53.60 million hectares, ranking fourth in the world. However, with rapid population growth and economic development, China is facing conflicts between wetland protection and economic development in recent decades. Analyzing the current status of wetland resources and development, as well as the reasons for their degradation in China, is a prerequisite for discussing wetland management strategies.
Methods Based on the analysis of the characteristics and current status of wetland resources in China, this article systematically summarized the driving factors of wetland loss and degradation, and proposed wetland management recommendations.
Results China is rich in wetlands, which not only provide functions such as water purification, flood control, climate regulation, but also provide rich resource guarantee for local economic development, thereby developing a series of utilization modes with good economic and social benefits. At the same time, China attaches great importance to wetland protection and has issued and implemented a series of wetland protection policies and projects, with a wetland protection rate of 52.65%. However, under the dual impacts of human activities and climate change, wetland shrinkage in China is still widespread, and there are still many scientific issues need to be resolved in wetland protection and restoration management practices.
Conclusions The current trend of wetland loss and degradation in China is still severe. To further strengthen wetland protection, it is necessary to strengthen comprehensive multidisciplinary research on the earth system and consider the constraints of economic feasibility and social demands, in order to formulate a sustainable management plan that meets the requirements of social and economic development and ecological science.
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表 2 国内10处主要湿地的主要生态系统服务类型
Table 2. Main ecosystem service types of 10 major wetlands in China
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