地球中的流体和穿越层圈构造

卢焕章

doi:10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2019.25.06.083

地球中的流体和穿越层圈构造

卢焕章

University of Quebec at Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, QC, G7H 2B1, Canada

基金项目:
矿床地球化学国家重点实验室基金（2018001）

详细信息

作者简介: 卢焕章(1940-), 男, 博士, 加拿大魁北克大学教授。主要从事地球化学, 地球中流体和流体包裹体教学和研究。E-mail:hzlu@uqac.ca

中图分类号: P542.5

收稿日期: 2019-07-16

修回日期: 2019-09-27

刊出日期: 2019-12-31

GEOFLUIDS AND ACROSS EARTH SPHERE STRUCTURES

LU Huanzhang

University of Quebec at Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, QC, G7H 2B1, Canada

Received Date: 16 July 2019

Revised Date: 27 September 2019

Publish Date: 31 December 2019

摘要

摘要:
地球中的流体是当前科学研究的重点。从地球科学的角度来说，流体应包括气体、液体（水和石油）、熔体和地球中受应力作用而移动的物体。在半经为6378 km的固体地球中可分为7个层圈。目前对地球内部流体的了解很少，为探索流体在各层圈中的成分，物理化学性质和分布，以现阶段对地球层圈和流体研究程度来看，其重点应放在地球中穿越层圈的构造部分和地壳。地球中穿越层圈的构造主要有三个：板块构造的俯冲带是由上到下的穿越层圈构造，向下俯冲的大洋岩石圈可以抵达地幔过渡带；大洋中脊的扩张引起的由下而上的穿越层圈构造，使岩石圈和地幔的熔流体从下向上运移；地幔柱引起的由下而上的穿越层圈构造，使地幔的熔流体从下向上迁移。通过对三个穿越层圈构造和地壳中流体的研究，可以得出地壳、岩石圈、上地幔、过渡带、下地幔和核幔边界层流体的种类和成分、流动和演化。这是至今为至能鉴定到地球中深部流体的方法。这四个方面的研究是当前地球中流体科学研究的重点，并对开展深部找矿有实际意义。
- 地球中的流体 /
- 穿越层圈构造 /
- 地壳 /
- 俯冲带 /
- 大洋中脊 /
- 地幔柱
Abstract:
Geofluids are the focus of current geosciences research, which should include gas, liquid (water and petroleum), magmatic melt and moving matter moved under geostress. There are seven spheres inside the earth within the radius of 6378 km. The fluids in interior earth were less understood, since it is too deep too see. To understand the fluids in earth's interior, it is necessary through the across sphere structures which include:subduction zone which fluids from ocean crust through up the lithosphere and asthenosphere to mantle; deep fluids through mid-ocean ridge to the crust; mantle plume bringing melt and fluid to the crust. Through the study of the fluids in three across sphere structures, the composition, distribution of the fluids in crust, lithosphere, asthenosphere, upper and lower mantle have been learned. This is the important way to know the fluids in deep earth, as well as the crust.
- geofluids /
- across earth sphere structure /
- crust /
- subduction zone /
- mid-ocean ridge /
- mantle plume

HTML全文

图 1 地球的层圈构造(from depositphoto.com)

Figure 1.

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图 2 地球的层圈构造剖面图(from tex.edu.glogster.com)

Figure 2.

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图 3 地球的穿越层圈构造示意图

Figure 3.

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图 4 板块构造的俯冲带是由上到下的穿越层圈构造(from tex.edu.glogster.com)

Figure 4.

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图 5 大洋中脊的扩张引起的由下而上的穿越层圈构造和板块构造的俯冲带是由上到下的穿越层圈构造^{[3, 6, 9]}

Figure 5.

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图 6 大洋中脊的扩张引起的由下而上的穿越层圈构造剖面图^{[5-6, 9]}

Figure 6.

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图 7 大洋中脊的烟囱和溢出的热液(from depositphoto.com)

Figure 7.

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图 8 黑烟囱的剖面和横切面图^[16]

Figure 8.

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图 9 地幔柱引起的由下而上的穿越层圈构造^[17]

Figure 9.

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图 10 地幔柱引起的由下而上的穿越层圈构造(from depositphoto.com)

Figure 10.

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图 12 地幔柱在形成南非Bushveld层状侵入体和世界上最大的铂族金属产地并富集铜镍硫化物上的作用^{[19, 26]}

Figure 12.

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图 13 地幔柱与金矿成因^[29](造山型金矿的形成与地幔流体有关)

Figure 13.

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图 11 地幔金刚石中的流体成份^[27](富Mg、Fe、Ca、Na和K)

Figure 11.

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地球中的流体和穿越层圈构造

University of Quebec at Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, QC, G7H 2B1, Canada

作者简介: 卢焕章(1940-), 男, 博士, 加拿大魁北克大学教授。主要从事地球化学, 地球中流体和流体包裹体教学和研究。E-mail:hzlu@uqac.ca

GEOFLUIDS AND ACROSS EARTH SPHERE STRUCTURES

University of Quebec at Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, QC, G7H 2B1, Canada

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