地球中的流体和穿越层圈构造

卢焕章

doi:10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2019.25.06.083

地球中的流体和穿越层圈构造

卢焕章

University of Quebec at Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, QC, G7H 2B1, Canada

基金项目:
矿床地球化学国家重点实验室基金（2018001）

详细信息

作者简介: 卢焕章(1940-), 男, 博士, 加拿大魁北克大学教授。主要从事地球化学, 地球中流体和流体包裹体教学和研究。E-mail:hzlu@uqac.ca

中图分类号: P542.5

收稿日期: 2019-07-16

修回日期: 2019-09-27

刊出日期: 2019-12-31

GEOFLUIDS AND ACROSS EARTH SPHERE STRUCTURES

LU Huanzhang

University of Quebec at Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, QC, G7H 2B1, Canada

Received Date: 16 July 2019

Revised Date: 27 September 2019

Publish Date: 31 December 2019

摘要

摘要:
地球中的流体是当前科学研究的重点。从地球科学的角度来说，流体应包括气体、液体（水和石油）、熔体和地球中受应力作用而移动的物体。在半经为6378 km的固体地球中可分为7个层圈。目前对地球内部流体的了解很少，为探索流体在各层圈中的成分，物理化学性质和分布，以现阶段对地球层圈和流体研究程度来看，其重点应放在地球中穿越层圈的构造部分和地壳。地球中穿越层圈的构造主要有三个：板块构造的俯冲带是由上到下的穿越层圈构造，向下俯冲的大洋岩石圈可以抵达地幔过渡带；大洋中脊的扩张引起的由下而上的穿越层圈构造，使岩石圈和地幔的熔流体从下向上运移；地幔柱引起的由下而上的穿越层圈构造，使地幔的熔流体从下向上迁移。通过对三个穿越层圈构造和地壳中流体的研究，可以得出地壳、岩石圈、上地幔、过渡带、下地幔和核幔边界层流体的种类和成分、流动和演化。这是至今为至能鉴定到地球中深部流体的方法。这四个方面的研究是当前地球中流体科学研究的重点，并对开展深部找矿有实际意义。
- 地球中的流体 /
- 穿越层圈构造 /
- 地壳 /
- 俯冲带 /
- 大洋中脊 /
- 地幔柱
Abstract:
Geofluids are the focus of current geosciences research, which should include gas, liquid (water and petroleum), magmatic melt and moving matter moved under geostress. There are seven spheres inside the earth within the radius of 6378 km. The fluids in interior earth were less understood, since it is too deep too see. To understand the fluids in earth's interior, it is necessary through the across sphere structures which include:subduction zone which fluids from ocean crust through up the lithosphere and asthenosphere to mantle; deep fluids through mid-ocean ridge to the crust; mantle plume bringing melt and fluid to the crust. Through the study of the fluids in three across sphere structures, the composition, distribution of the fluids in crust, lithosphere, asthenosphere, upper and lower mantle have been learned. This is the important way to know the fluids in deep earth, as well as the crust.
- geofluids /
- across earth sphere structure /
- crust /
- subduction zone /
- mid-ocean ridge /
- mantle plume

HTML全文

图 1 地球的层圈构造(from depositphoto.com)

Figure 1.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 地球的层圈构造剖面图(from tex.edu.glogster.com)

Figure 2.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 地球的穿越层圈构造示意图

Figure 3.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 板块构造的俯冲带是由上到下的穿越层圈构造(from tex.edu.glogster.com)

Figure 4.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 大洋中脊的扩张引起的由下而上的穿越层圈构造和板块构造的俯冲带是由上到下的穿越层圈构造^{[3, 6, 9]}

Figure 5.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 大洋中脊的扩张引起的由下而上的穿越层圈构造剖面图^{[5-6, 9]}

Figure 6.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 大洋中脊的烟囱和溢出的热液(from depositphoto.com)

Figure 7.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 黑烟囱的剖面和横切面图^[16]

Figure 8.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 地幔柱引起的由下而上的穿越层圈构造^[17]

Figure 9.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 10 地幔柱引起的由下而上的穿越层圈构造(from depositphoto.com)

Figure 10.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 12 地幔柱在形成南非Bushveld层状侵入体和世界上最大的铂族金属产地并富集铜镍硫化物上的作用^{[19, 26]}

Figure 12.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 13 地幔柱与金矿成因^[29](造山型金矿的形成与地幔流体有关)

Figure 13.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 11 地幔金刚石中的流体成份^[27](富Mg、Fe、Ca、Na和K)

Figure 11.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

参考文献(34)

卢焕章.成矿流体[M].北京:北京科学技术出版社, 1997.

LU Huanzhang. Ore forming fluids[M]. Beijing:Beijing Science and Technology Publication, 1997. (in Chinese)

PRESS F, SIEVER R. Earth[M]. 4th ed. New York:W.H. Freeman and Company, 1986:151-209.

许志琴, 王勤, 孙卫东, 等.地球的层圈结构与穿越层圈构造[J].地质论评, 2018, 64(2):261-282. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/dzlp201802001

XU Zhiqin, WANG Qin, SUN Weidong, et al. The spherical structure of the Earth and across-sphere tectonic[J]. Geological Review, 2018, 64(2):261-282. (in Chinese with English abstract) http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/dzlp201802001

许志琴, 赵中宝, 马绪宣, 等.从安第斯到冈底斯:从洋-陆俯冲到陆-陆碰撞[J].地质学报, 2019, 93(1):1-11. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/dizhixb201901002

XU Zhiqin, ZHAO Zhongbao, MA Xuxuan, et al. From Andean orogen to Gangdese orogeny:from ocean continent subduction to continent-continent collision[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2019, 93(1):1-11. (in Chinese with English abstract) http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/dizhixb201901002

ROST S. Deep earth:core-mantle boundary landscapes[J]. Nature Geoscience, 2013, 6(2):89-90. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/NSTLQK/NSTL_QKJJ0228487018/

DZIEWONSKI A M, ANDERSON D L. Preliminary reference Earth model[J]. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 1981, 25(4):297-356. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/ytlx201002047

卢焕章.地球中的流体[M].北京:高等教育出版社, 2011:354.

LU Huanzhang. Fluides in the Earth[M]. Beijing:High Education Publication, 2011:354. (in Chinese)

卢焕章.地球中的流体和穿越层圈构造[C]//第七届流体地球科学与矿产资源及环境灾害学术研讨会论文摘要集.成都: 成都理工大学, 2019: 7-8.

LU Huanzhang. Fluid in the earth and Earth's across sphere structures[C]//The Abstract Volume of 7^th Fluid in the Earth Scientific Conference. Chengdu: Chengdu University of Technology, 2019: 7-8. (in Chinese)

GARNERO E J, MCNAMARA A K. Structure and dynamics of earth's lower mantle[J]. Science, 2008, 320(5876):626-628, doi:10.1126/science.1148028.

Halevstarkev. Earth's structure and interaction with spheres[J]. Geogpedia, 2013.

MANNING C E. The chemistry of subduction-zone fluids[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2004, 223(1-2):1-16. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/NSTLQK/10.1016-j.epsl.2004.04.030/

ZHENG Y F, CHEN R X, XU Z, et al. The transport of water in subduction zones[J]. Science China Earth Sciences, 2016, 59(4):651-682, doi:10.1007/s11430-015-5258-4.

MAO H K, HU Q Y, YANG L X, et al. When water meets iron at Earth's core-mantle boundary[J]. National Science Review, 2017, 4(6):870-878, dol:10.1093/nsr/nwx109. doi: 10.1093/nsr/nwx109

MARTY B, TOLSTIKHIN I N. CO₂ fluxes from mid-ocean ridges, arcs and plumes[J]. Chemical Geology, 1998, 145(3-4):233-248. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/NSTLQK/10.1016-S0009-2541(97)00145-9/

DING K, SEYFRIED JR W E, ZHANG Z, et al. The in situ pH of hydrothermal fluids at mid-ocean ridges[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2005, 237(1-2):167-174. http://cn.bing.com/academic/profile?id=81d32c456639211fb7f1ce0f3c72cb75&encoded=0&v=paper_preview&mkt=zh-cn

卢焕章.现代海底烟囱中流体包裹体的研究[J].岩石学报, 2003, 19(2):235-241. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/ysxb98200302004

LU Huanzhang. Ore forming fluids in recent ocean ridge sea floor mineralization:samples from 21°N, Pacific Ocean[J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 2003, 19(2):235-241. (in Chinese with English abstract) http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/ysxb98200302004

CAMPBELL I H, GRIFFITHS R W, HILL R I. Melting in an Archaean mantle plume:heads it's basalts, tails it's komatiites[J]. Nature, 1989, 339(6227):697-699. http://cn.bing.com/academic/profile?id=f7f8eaea8b7d66ff80325332b3b541ec&encoded=0&v=paper_preview&mkt=zh-cn

BAKER J, CHAZOT C, MENZIES M, et al. Metasomatism of the shallow mantle beneath Yemen by the Afar plume-implications for mantle plumes, flood volcanism, and intraplate volcanism[J]. Geology, 1998, 26(5):431-434. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=837660592ec11639fa82cbfaf418b049

ANDERSON D L. Large igneous provinces, delamination, and fertile mantle[J]. Elements, 2005, 1(5):271-275. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/NSTLQK/NSTL_QKJJ025528082/

卢焕章.地幔岩中流体包裹体研究[J].岩石学报, 2008, 24(9):1954-1960. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/ysxb98200809002

LU Huanzhang. Fluid inclusions in mantle rocks[J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 2008, 24(9):1954-1960. (in Chinese with English abstract) http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/ysxb98200809002

毛冬青, 卢焕章, 方根保.南极罗斯岛地区玄武岩中包裹体研究[J].岩石学报, 1988, 4(1):48-57. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-YSXB198801005.htm

MAO Dongqing, LU Huanzhang, FANG Genbao. Melt inclusions in Basalts of Ross Island area, Antarctica[J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 1988, 4(1):48-57. (in Chinese with English abstract) http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-YSXB198801005.htm

刘丛强, 黄智龙, 李和平, 等.地幔流体及其成矿作用[J].地学前缘, 2001, 8(4):231-243. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/dxqy200104001

LIU Congqiang, HUANG Zhilong, LI Heping, et al. The Geofluid in the mantle and its role in ore-forming processes[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2001, 8(4):231-243. (in Chinese with English abstract) http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/dxqy200104001

谢玉玲, 潘玉林, 徐九华, 等.地幔岩中不同产状的流体-熔体包裹体及地幔流体交代作用[J].新疆地质, 2005, 23(1):10-13. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/xjdz200501003

XIE Yuling, PAN Yulin, XU Jiuhua, et al. Study on fluid-melting inclusion in mantle rock and it's significance for mantle metasomatism[J]. Xinjiang Geology, 2005, 23(1) 10-13. (in Chinese with English abstract) http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/xjdz200501003

王登红.地幔柱和其地质意义[M].北京:地质出版社, 1999.

WANG Denghong. Mantle plume and geological significance[M]. Beijing:Geological Publication, 1999. (in Chinese)

张铭杰, 王先彬, 李立武.地幔流体组成[J].地学前缘, 2000, 7(2):401-412. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/dxqy200002009

ZHANG Mingjie, WANG Xianbin, LI Liwu. Composition of mantle fluid[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2000, 7(2):401-412. (in Chinese with English abstract) http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/dxqy200002009

HAURI E H, WHITEHEAD J A, HART S R. Fluid dynamic and geochemical aspects of entrainment in mantle plumes[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1994, 99(B12):24275-24300. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=10.1029/94JB01257

KLEIN-BENDAVID O, IZRAELI E S, HAURI E, et al. Fluid inclusions in diamonds from the Diavik mine, Canada and the evolution of diamond-forming fluids[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2007, 71(3):723-744. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=edb1bb0c5f1b050fa41568b1f85ba1bd

SLEEP N H. Mantle plumes from top to bottom[J]. Earth-Science Reviews, 2006, 77(4):231-271. http://cn.bing.com/academic/profile?id=b4054ba20517d73aff2b18bbdd0e0dc5&encoded=0&v=paper_preview&mkt=zh-cn

YARDLEY B W D, BODNAR R J. Fluids in the continental crust[J]. Geochemical Perspectives, 2014, 3(1):1-127. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/OAPaper/oai_doaj-articles_1c897ecdb3ab5702d1819f652ae164a2

HOLLAND E G, LOLLAR B S, LI L, et al. Deep fracture fluids isolated in the crust since the Precambrian era[J]. Nature, 2013, 497(7449):357-360, doi:10.1038/nature12127.

GUHA J, LU H Z, DUBE B, et al. Fluid characteristics of vein and altered wall rock in Archean mesothermal gold deposits[J]. Economic Geology, 1991, 86(3):667-684. http://cn.bing.com/academic/profile?id=b1fb5553b4389724ded3067553962988&encoded=0&v=paper_preview&mkt=zh-cn

GUHA J, LU H Z, GAGNON M. Gas composition of fluid inclusions using solid probe mass spectrometry and its application to study of mineralizing processes[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1990, 54(3):553-558. http://cn.bing.com/academic/profile?id=ad37821a9bc519364d875e2520102a35&encoded=0&v=paper_preview&mkt=zh-cn

卢焕章.研究地壳中流体的工作方法[J].地学前缘1998, 5(1-2):295-300. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-DXQY802.019.htm

LU Huanzhang. Research methods for fluids in the earth's crust[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 1998, 5(1-2):295-300. (in Chinese with English abstract) http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-DXQY802.019.htm

徐兴旺, 牛磊, 洪涛, 等.流体构造动力学与成矿作用[J].地质力学学报, 2019, 25(1):1-8, doi:10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2019.25.01.001. http://journal.geomech.ac.cn/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20190101&flag=1

XU Xingwang, NIU Lei, HONG Tao, et al. Tectonic dynamics of fluids and metallogenesis[J]. Journal of Geomechanics, 2019, 25(1):1-8, doi:10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2019.25.01.001.(in Chinese with English abstract) http://journal.geomech.ac.cn/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20190101&flag=1

施引文献

资源附件(0)

访问统计

图(13)

计量

文章访问数: 2622
PDF下载数: 33
施引文献: 0

地球中的流体和穿越层圈构造

University of Quebec at Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, QC, G7H 2B1, Canada

作者简介: 卢焕章(1940-), 男, 博士, 加拿大魁北克大学教授。主要从事地球化学, 地球中流体和流体包裹体教学和研究。E-mail:hzlu@uqac.ca

GEOFLUIDS AND ACROSS EARTH SPHERE STRUCTURES

University of Quebec at Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, QC, G7H 2B1, Canada

计量

出版历程

目录