The historical evolution law and planning enlightenment of China's geographical pattern
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摘要:
以历史逻辑回溯千年以来的自然地理格局演变规律，能够更好地支撑以行政逻辑凝练提出中国广袤国土未来发展的政策建议。通过对大量文献进行综述，总结归纳各区带的独特自然环境基础和历史演化规律，从而基于历史、科学和行政逻辑提出国土空间规划的政策建议。中国现代地理格局是经过地质时期几十亿年的演化，以及历史时期上万年的人类活动刻画而最终形成的。在地质时期的地质构造、季风运动、江河形塑等作用下，中国陆域分异出了东部季风区、西北干旱—半干旱区、青藏高原区三大自然区，以及农牧交错带、海岸带两大过渡缝合带，历史时期人类因地制宜所形成迥异的生产生活方式，更是不断改造着国土空间结构，使各区带形成了独特的区域演化历史。通过对各区带的演变过程和规律进行了详细阐述和总结，由此提出了遵从自然生态限制和历史发展规律，保持自然生态系统和人类生态系统合理搭配及相互之间物质能量畅通交流，以及优化区域过渡带等国土空间开发保护格局的建议。
Abstract:Tracing the evolution of the natural geographical pattern over the past thousand years by historical logic can better support policy recommendations for the future development of China’s territory condensed by administrative logic. We reviewed a large number of literature and summarized the unique natural environmental foundations and historical evolution laws of each region and zone, in order to propose policy recommendations for national spatial planning by historical, scientific, and administrative logic. We found that the modern geographical pattern of China has been formed by the billions years of evolution over geological period and ten thousand years of human activities over historical period. Under the influence of geological structures, monsoon movements, and river shaping during geological period, China’s land has differentiated into 3 natural regions (Eastern Monsoon Region, Northwest Arid−semiarid Region, Tibetan Plateau) and 2 transition zones (Farming−pastoral Zone, Coastal Zone). In historical period, humans have formed distinct production and lifestyle patterns tailored to local conditions, continuously transforming the spatial structure of the country, and thus forming each region’s and zone’s unique regional evolutionary histories. And we provided a detailed explanation and summary of the evolution process and laws in each region and zone, thus proposing suggestions for the national territory developing and protecting, such as following the natural ecological restriction and historical development law, maintaining the reasonable combination and material−energy exchange between natural and human ecosystem, and optimizing spatial pattern in transition zones.
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