Zircon U-Pb ages, geochemical features and constraints on regional tectonic evolution of gabbro-diabase in Xiaoyuanshan area Qimantage of East Kunlun Mountains
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摘要:
通过东昆仑祁漫塔格小圆山辉长辉绿岩岩相学、年代学和岩石地球化学研究, 探讨其岩浆作用及其源区、成岩构造环境、年龄及地质意义。结果表明, 辉长辉绿岩为拉斑玄武岩系列岩石, SiO2含量为48.27%~50.06%, 全碱Na2O+K2O含量低, 为3.10%~4.04%, 且钠较钾富, MgO含量为7.81%~8.60%, TFe2O3含量为10.69%~12.00%, TiO2含量为1.32%~1.76%;∑REE平均为58.13×10-6, δEu值为1.02~1.24, 平均为1.12, 呈轻微正异常; 稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分模式图上呈Gd略亏损的近平坦曲线, 具有轻、重稀土元素分异不明显的轻稀土元素弱富集特征; 岩石明显富集大离子亲石元素Cs、Rb、Ba、K、Sr, 活泼的不相容元素U和Th, 轻稀土元素及Pb, 相对亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta和P。采用SIMS锆石U-Pb定年方法, 获得小圆山辉长辉绿岩的年龄加权平均值为415±16 Ma (MSWD=5.0)和243±11 Ma (MSWD=4.1), 前者代表辉长辉绿岩的结晶年龄, 后者应代表晚期深部岩浆上升侵位到辉长辉绿岩中形成的锆石结晶年龄, 是对中三叠世末期伸展活动的响应。结合岩石地球化学、构造特征和区域地质背景, 认为小圆山辉长辉绿岩是拉张型岛弧背景下亏损的岩石圈地幔平衡部分熔融的产物, 受到一定程度地壳物质的混染。
Abstract:This paper discusses magmatism, source area, diagenetic tectonic environment, age and geological significance of Xiaoyuanshan gabbro-diabase (XGD) in Qimantage, East Kunlun, China, through the study of petrography, chronology and rock geochemistry.The test data indicated that the content ranges of SiO2, Na2O+K2O, MgO, TFe2O3, and TiO2 were 48.27%~50.06%, 3.10%~4.04% (Na2O > K2O), 7.81%~8.60%, 10.69%~12.00%, and 1.32%~1.76% respectively, supporting that XGD should belong to tholeiitic series rocks.The average value of ∑REE, in addition, was 58.13×10-6, and the δEu value was 1.02~1.24 with its average of 1.12, showing slightly negative Eu anomaly.The normalized distribution pattern of REE chondrites presented a nearly flat curve with a slight loss of Gd, and had weak enrichment characteristics of LREE with no obvious differentiation between LREE and HREE.The rock was obviously enriched in large ion lithophile elements (Cs, Rb, Ba, K and Sr), active incompatible elements (U and Th), relatively depleted in high field strength elements (Nb, Ta and P), LREE, and Pb.The crystallization age of XGD and the zircon crystallization age formed by the late deep magma rising and emplacement into XGD were respectively obtained to be 415±16 Ma (MSWD=5.0) and 243±11 Ma (MSWD=4.1) by SIMS zircon U-Pb method.And the latter indicated a response to the extension activity at the end of the Middle Triassic.Conclusively, it was considered that XGD was a product from partial melting of the depleted lithospheric mantle balance in the extensional island arc background, and was contaminated by crustal materials to a certain extent.
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表 1 小圆山辉长辉绿岩主量、微量和稀土元素数据
Table 1. Data of major, trace elements and REE of the gabbro-diabase in Xiaoyuanshan area
样号 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 B9 B10 B11 B12 SiO2 46.32 47.64 46.56 47.99 46.06 45.83 45.54 46.62 45.82 47.15 46.50 45.93 Al2O3 16.03 17.13 16.79 17.20 16.38 15.92 16.16 17.09 16.67 16.81 17.14 16.39 TFe2O3 11.10 10.93 10.74 11.39 10.91 10.86 10.86 10.79 10.33 10.28 10.85 10.94 FeO 8.98 9.36 8.54 8.70 8.98 8.67 9.05 8.71 8.46 8.43 9.30 9.44 MgO 7.23 7.99 7.68 7.98 7.84 7.53 7.59 8.00 7.28 8.07 8.28 7.42 CaO 6.52 7.56 7.57 6.15 8.51 8.11 8.53 8.76 8.41 9.06 8.41 7.50 Na2O 2.48 2.53 2.64 2.45 2.36 2.56 2.14 2.49 2.19 2.57 2.63 2.54 K2O 0.888 0.987 1.20 1.04 0.813 1.11 1.04 1.01 0.696 0.674 0.758 1.03 MnO 0.164 0.173 0.166 0.169 0.170 0.173 0.170 0.176 0.150 0.160 0.167 0.170 TiO2 1.63 1.55 1.53 1.57 1.48 1.55 1.49 1.47 1.40 1.27 1.45 1.49 P2O5 0.166 0.150 0.155 0.159 0.148 0.158 0.151 0.154 0.147 0.130 0.146 0.144 烧失量 7.42 3.30 4.93 3.84 5.29 6.17 6.26 3.28 6.85 3.76 3.57 6.41 总量 99.95 99.94 99.96 99.94 99.96 99.97 99.93 99.84 99.94 99.93 99.90 99.96 Mg# 58.24 59.98 59.85 59.09 60.06 59.42 59.65 60.34 60.00 61.79 61.08 58.95 La 5.78 5.78 5.58 5.66 5.61 5.67 5.65 5.84 5.33 4.33 5.33 5.51 Ce 14.8 15.3 14.7 14.7 14.4 14.7 14.9 15.3 14.3 11.2 14.1 14.5 Pr 2.50 2.51 2.38 2.49 2.39 2.46 2.49 2.48 2.40 1.93 2.36 2.45 Nd 13.4 13.0 13.1 13.2 12.6 13.1 13.0 13.5 13.0 10.3 12.8 13.2 Sm 4.22 4.13 3.84 4.12 4.00 3.83 3.93 4.03 3.78 3.16 3.85 3.80 Eu 1.34 1.36 1.33 1.38 1.42 1.37 1.46 1.37 1.43 1.25 1.39 1.39 Gd 3.66 3.64 3.62 3.71 3.69 3.56 3.54 3.49 3.47 2.88 3.36 3.60 Tb 0.855 0.835 0.807 0.863 0.812 0.845 0.829 0.830 0.827 0.687 0.832 0.816 Dy 5.19 5.20 5.20 5.25 5.33 5.24 5.24 5.13 4.81 4.26 4.93 5.03 Ho 1.17 1.19 1.16 1.19 1.17 1.20 1.16 1.15 1.12 0.97 1.14 1.14 Er 3.06 3.06 2.93 2.98 2.96 3.05 3.04 2.98 2.81 2.37 3.02 2.95 Tm 0.515 0.492 0.519 0.525 0.508 0.515 0.519 0.510 0.498 0.422 0.489 0.510 Yb 3.30 3.30 3.30 3.35 3.32 3.35 3.30 3.22 3.15 2.65 3.39 3.26 Lu 0.461 0.492 0.469 0.466 0.469 0.454 0.492 0.475 0.463 0.384 0.474 0.465 Y 32.7 31.3 31.3 31.7 30.7 31.3 31.4 30.9 30.5 25.1 30.2 29.6 Cs 5.92 2.43 2.49 2.85 5.35 4.54 5.01 2.48 3.96 1.92 1.90 1.85 Rb 39.4 37.2 48.0 47.1 39.7 47.2 52.2 49.7 40.9 33.7 41.0 60.3 Ba 199 282 516 446 268 230 313 635 213 362 434 290 Th 0.867 0.981 0.827 0.831 0.774 0.764 0.776 0.749 0.726 0.584 0.758 0.784 U 0.300 0.295 0.254 0.236 0.237 0.254 0.256 0.226 0.241 0.183 0.243 0.285 Nb 2.95 2.89 2.89 2.70 2.60 2.61 2.86 2.71 2.61 2.02 2.51 2.70 Ta 0.230 0.240 0.234 0.239 0.215 0.213 0.232 0.230 0.217 0.162 0.227 0.233 Zr 109 114 127 121 107 109 112 106 104 83.4 114 116 Hf 2.82 2.94 2.92 2.92 2.79 3.02 3.03 2.54 2.75 2.26 2.77 2.92 Pb 1.80 2.05 1.94 1.62 3.44 1.95 1.86 2.00 3.21 1.77 1.88 2.26 Sr 208 233 225 216 288 220 238 250 218 206 233 216 V 233 236 218 235 226 228 228 212 221 219 211 220 Cr 173 232 179 197 181 165 175 172 169 221 184 154 Ni 55.6 74.1 70.3 66.5 74.9 71.6 71.1 74.9 81.3 69.7 75.3 68.1 ΣREE 60.25 60.29 58.94 59.88 58.68 59.34 59.55 60.31 57.39 46.79 57.47 58.62 ΣLREE 42.04 42.08 40.93 41.55 40.42 41.13 41.43 42.52 40.24 32.17 39.83 40.85 ΣHREE 18.21 18.21 18.01 18.33 18.26 18.21 18.12 17.79 17.15 14.62 17.64 17.77 ΣLREE/ΣHREE 2.31 2.31 2.27 2.27 2.21 2.26 2.29 2.39 2.35 2.20 2.26 2.30 LaN/YbN 1.26 1.26 1.21 1.21 1.21 1.21 1.23 1.30 1.21 1.17 1.13 1.21 δEu 1.02 1.05 1.07 1.06 1.11 1.12 1.17 1.09 1.19 1.24 1.15 1.13 δCe 0.95 0.98 0.99 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.97 0.99 0.98 0.95 0.97 0.97 注：主量元素含量单位为%，微量和稀土元素含量单位为10-6 
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表 2 小圆山辉长辉绿岩锆石U-Th-Pb年龄分析结果
Table 2. U-Th-Pb isotopic data of zircons for gabbro-diabase in Xiaoyuanshan
测点 含量/10-6 Th/U 同位素比值 年龄/Ma Th U 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 1 437.0 494.5 0.802 0.0517 2.7 0.296 3.5 0.0415 2.2 262.3 5.8 274.3 61.8 263.5 8.3 2 1699 1777 0.788 0.0565 1.2 0.543 2.2 0.0697 1.8 434.3 7.6 470.6 26.4 440.1 7.8 3 3723 2845 1.03 0.0554 1.6 0.493 2.6 0.0645 2.1 402.9 8.1 430.0 35.1 406.9 8.8 4 1679 2042 1.11 0.0495 2.2 0.270 3.1 0.0396 2.2 250.2 5.5 169.7 50.8 242.6 6.8 5 603.1 857.0 0.641 0.0508 3.2 0.263 3.8 0.0375 2.1 237.4 4.8 231.4 71.3 236.8 8.0 6 3715 3765 0.921 0.0507 1.5 0.261 2.3 0.0373 1.8 236.3 4.1 225.2 33.6 235.3 4.8 7 976.3 2088 0.444 0.0554 1.3 0.551 2.3 0.0721 2.0 448.9 8.6 428.9 27.7 445.6 8.5 8 110.5 778.1 0.117 0.0553 1.8 0.483 2.9 0.0634 2.2 396.0 8.6 424.6 40.7 400.2 9.6 9 1459 1077 1.12 0.0570 2.0 0.582 3.7 0.0740 3.1 460.1 13.6 492.9 44.1 465.6 13.8 10 1182 1662 0.591 0.0513 1.9 0.260 3.0 0.0368 2.3 232.9 5.3 253.8 42.7 234.8 6.3 11 183.8 330.4 0.568 0.0556 2.0 0.531 3.3 0.0692 2.6 431.2 11.0 438.1 44.0 432.3 11.7 12 355.6 527.1 0.837 0.0530 1.4 0.463 2.7 0.0634 2.3 396.2 8.9 327.8 32.3 386.4 8.8 13 4748 4398 1.06 0.0557 0.47 0.518 3.3 0.0674 3.2 420.3 13.1 441.6 10.5 423.6 11.3 14 1483 2540 0.878 0.0492 0.88 0.263 2.6 0.0388 2.4 245.2 5.8 158.5 20.6 237.2 5.4 15 482.3 1353 0.398 0.0539 1.1 0.483 2.7 0.0651 2.4 406.3 9.5 364.9 24.6 400.2 8.8
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表 3 小圆山辉长辉绿岩微量元素比值与壳、幔端元值对比
Table 3. Trace element ratios of the gabbro-diabase in Xiaoyuanshan, crust and different mantle members
比值 Zr/Nb La/Nb Ba/Nb Th/Nb Th/La Ba/La 原始地幔 14.8 0.94 9 0.117 0.125 9.6 亏损地幔 30 1.07 4.3 0.07 0.07 4 地壳 16.2 2.2 54 0.44 0.2 25 HIMU 27~5.5 0.64~0.82 4.7~6.9 0.07~0.12 0.10~0.16 6.2~9.36 EMⅠ 3.5~13.1 0.78~1.32 9.1~23.4 0.09~0.13 0.09~0.15 11.3~19.1 EMⅡ 4.4~7.8 0.79~1.19 6.4~13.4 0.10~0.17 0.11~0.18 7.3~13.5 夏日哈木辉长岩 21.7~276.6，
平均74.42.70~30.0，
均值9.7153.2~912.7，
平均305.60.31~2.04，
平均0.850.03~0.50，
平均0.1513.0~41.9，
平均30.6本文 36.9~45.4，
平均41.31.93~2.17，
平均2.0767.5~234.3，
平均132.10.27~0.34，
平均0.290.13~0.17，
平均0.1434.4~108.7，
平均63.7注：HIUM为高U/Pb地幔；EMⅠ为富集地幔Ⅰ；EMⅡ为富集地幔Ⅱ；壳幔端元值据参考文献[31-32]；夏日哈木辉长岩值据参考文献[33]
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