Sr-Nd isotopic composition and provenance tracing of Late Cenozoic sediments in the northern Hainan Island
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摘要:
海南岛北部(琼北)巨厚的晚新生代沉积物记录了海南岛晚新生代气候与环境演化信息。但关于该沉积物Sr-Nd同位素方法的物源示踪研究还比较缺乏。以琼北钻遇基岩的钻孔(ZK1-5)为研究对象, 以Sr-Nd同位素组成为示踪手段, 开展了其物源示踪研究。结果表明: 海南岛北部于晚新生代中新世—更新世经历了从滨浅海相沉积—海陆交互相沉积—陆相沉积—火山喷发环境的转变, 中新世海相沉积Sr同位素比值(平均值0.727002)整体高于上新世海陆过渡相和更新世陆相沉积的Sr同位素比值(平均值0.714917), 表明海相沉积比海陆过渡相和陆相沉积风化程度更高。海相、海陆过渡相及陆相沉积的Nd同位素组成没有发生明显变化, 较一致, 表明海陆环境变迁并没有引起该地区物源发生重大变化。而琼北晚新生代沉积物εNd(0)值分布范围(-14.0~-5.1)与岛内花岗质岩石的εNd(0)值分布范围(-14.1~-5.2)基本一致, 与岛内变质岩(1.2~8.5)和玄武岩类岩石(1.9~7.8)的εNd(0)值差别较大, 表明其源岩主要来自海南岛花岗质岩石, 变质岩和玄武岩贡献较小, 这可能与岛内花岗质岩石分布范围广有关。对琼北地区晚新生代沉积物Sr-Nd同位素组成特征的认识, 有助于深入理解晚新生代海南岛风化过程及环境变化, 并对南海物源及古海陆环境重建具有重要意义。
Abstract:The thick Late Cenozoic deposits of northern Hainan Island(Qiongbei)provide a record of paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental changes in Hainan Island.However, there is a lack of source tracing studies on Sr-Nd isotopic methods in this sediment.In this paper, we carried provenance tracing using a borehole(ZK1-5)drilling encounter with bedrock in northern Hainan Island by Sr-Nd isotopic method.The results show that the Late Cenozoic of northern Hainan Island underwent a transition from coastal shallow marine sedimentation-marine and continental alternative deposition-terrestrial sedimentation-volcanic eruption environment from the Miocene to the Pleistocene, and that the Sr isotopic ratio of the Miocene marine sediment(mean: 0.727002)is overall higher than that of the Pliocene marine and terrestrial transition and Pleistocene terrestrial deposits(mean: 0.714917), suggesting that marine deposits were more weathered than the marine and terrestrial transitional phases.The Nd isotopic compositions of the marine, marine-terrestrial transitional and terrestrial deposits do not change significantly and are relatively consistent, suggesting that provenance did not change obviously caused by environmental changes from marine to terrestrial in the area.The distribution of εNd(0)values in the Late Cenozoic sediments of Qiongbei(-14.0~-5.1)is generally consistent with the distribution of εNd(0)values in the granitic rocks of Hainan Island(-14.1~-5.2), and differs considerably from the εNd(0)values in the metamorphic rocks(1.2~8.5)and basaltic rocks(1.9~7.8)of Hainan Island, indicating that the source rocks are mainly from the local granitic rocks in Hainan Island, and the contribution of metamorphic rocks and basalt is small.This is probably related to the wide distribution of granitic rocks in the island.The understanding of the Sr-Nd isotopic characteristics of the Late Cenozoic sediments in the northern Hainan Island can help to deeply understand the weathering process and environmental changes on Hainan Island during the Late Cenozoic, and is of great significance for the reconstruction of the provenance and sea and land environment change in the northern South China Sea.
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表 1 琼北ZK1-5钻孔岩性描述及划分
Table 1. Lithofacies classification of the ZK1-5 core in the northern Hainan Island
岩性划分 深度范围/m 岩性描述 Ⅶ 0~9.80 浅灰色气孔状橄榄玄武岩、玄武岩风化壳，玄武岩为斑状结构，气孔状构造，斑晶成分为橄榄石，粒径大小0.5~1 mm，含量约为5%。基质为隐晶质，气孔较发育，大小一般0.5~1 mm。5.3~5.6 m处气孔较大，大小1.5~5 mm Ⅵ 9.80~14.00 灰白色-灰黄色砂砾层，松散状，主要成分为砾石，含量50%~60%，粒径一般2~6 mm，最大可达3 cm，次棱角状—次圆状；粗砂含量20%~40%；中砂含量10%~20%，该层总体上分选性中等、磨圆度中等 Ⅴ 14.00~46.60 含砾生物碎屑砂岩-贝壳砂砾岩互层。含砾生物碎屑砂岩为浅灰白色、灰黄色，大多呈弱固结，生物碎屑含量约30%，主要为有孔虫、贝壳，砂、砾成分主要为石英，粒径0.3~2 mm，少部分2~4 mm，多呈次棱角—次圆状。贝壳砂砾岩为肉红色、黄褐色，生物碎屑结构，钙质胶结，半成岩，块状构造。含完整贝壳，直径1~5 cm，含量约30%。含少量海绿石(图 2) Ⅳ 46.60~71.00 灰绿色-浅灰含砾粘土质黑色中粗砂，半松散状，粘土含量约占20%；中砂含量约占40%，成分主要为石英，多呈次棱角—次圆状，粒径大小一般0.2~0.5 mm；粗砂矿物成分主要为石英，次为长石，多呈次棱角—次圆状，粒径大小0.5~2 mm，含量约占20% Ⅲ 71.00~101.25 深灰绿色粘土质粉细砂，半松散状，富含海绿石。矿物成分主要为粘土25%，粉砂35%和细砂40%。砂的成分主要为石英，次为长石，多呈次棱角-次圆状。粒径大小一般为0.06~0.2 mm。其中81.1~81.6 m处和90.4~91.1 m处夹灰红色泥岩 Ⅱ 101.25~130.50 青灰色、灰绿色粉砂质粘土-粘土质粉细砂，可塑状，矿物成分主要为粘土，手搓有砂感，可搓成条状，含少量粉砂，约15%。粘土质粉细砂，矿物成分主要为粘土25%，粉砂35%和细砂40%。砂的成分主要为石英，次为长石，多呈次棱角—次圆状，粒径大小0.06~0.25 mm，含海绿石(图 2) Ⅰ 130.50~141.20 糜棱岩(基岩)，灰白色，糜棱结构，碎斑结构，眼球状构造，碎斑成分主要为钾长石，基质主要有石英、云母等，致密坚硬 
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表 2 海南岛北部ZK1-5钻孔岩心的Sr-Nd同位素组成
Table 2. Sr-Nd istopic data of borehole ZK1-5 in the northern Hainan Island
样品编号 岩性 87Sr/86Sr ±2σ 143Nd/144Nd ±2σ εNd(0) 时代 ZK1-5-6.4m 玄武岩 0.704199 0.000018 0.512918 0.000009 5.5 中更新世 ZK1-5-14.1 m 陆相沉积物 0.722820 0.000014 0.512207 0.000006 -8.4 早更新世 ZK1-5-20.4 m 海陆过渡相沉积物 0.710000 0.000020 0.512188 0.000007 -8.8 上新世 ZK1-5-31.6 m 海陆过渡相沉积物 0.713605 0.000012 0.512124 0.000006 -10.0 上新世 ZK1-5-42.7 m 海陆过渡相沉积物 0.713421 0.000017 0.512378 0.000007 -5.1 上新世 ZK1-5-45.2 m 海陆过渡相沉积物 0.711756 0.000016 0.512289 0.000008 -6.8 上新世 ZK1-5-53.3 m 海相沉积物 0.730797 0.000018 0.512205 0.000011 -8.4 晚中新世 ZK1-5-63.4 m 海相沉积物 0.729617 0.000018 0.512105 0.000007 -10.4 晚中新世 ZK1-5-77.8 m 海相沉积物 0.718396 0.000017 0.512337 0.000010 -5.9 中中新世 ZK1-5-83.7 m 海相沉积物 0.728399 0.000019 0.511919 0.000006 -14.0 中中新世 ZK1-5-93.7 m 海相沉积物 0.730398 0.000014 0.512058 0.000011 -11.3 中中新世 ZK1-5-103.4 m 海相沉积物 0.727270 0.000020 0.512191 0.000010 -8.7 早中新世 ZK1-5-113.7 m 海相沉积物 0.727790 0.000016 0.512065 0.000006 -11.2 早中新世 ZK1-5-127.8 m 海相沉积物 0.728163 0.000017 0.512092 0.000006 -10.7 早中新世 ZK1-5-141.7 m 变质岩 0.763657 0.000023 0.511871 0.000007 -15.0
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