Geogical characteristics of tuffs and its constraints on the tectonic regimes transformation in the southern Ordos Basin
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摘要:
凝灰岩是火山活动的产物, 沉积盆地中的凝灰岩层往往具等时性特点, 是探索沉积盆地与周邻造山带构造演化的重要纽带。鄂尔多斯盆地显生宙火山活动不发育, 但早古生代晚期和晚三叠世延长期地层中广泛分布凝灰岩夹层, 且主要分布在盆地南部, 暗示其与周邻造山带火山活动之间联系密切。前人对这2期凝灰岩分别开展了探讨, 但对为何分布于盆地南部、具有怎样的成因联系、构造意义等缺乏综合研究与探讨。基于前人成果, 对上述2期凝灰岩的展布特征、源岩判别、发育时限、区域构造背景等进行了系统研究。结果显示, 鄂尔多斯盆地2期凝灰岩均发育于深水—较深水环境, 且由南到北厚度逐渐减薄; 元素地球化学判别显示出中—酸性岩浆性质, 与火山岛弧喷发成因联系密切, 主要发育时限分别集中于晚奥陶世桑比期—凯迪期(449~453 Ma)和中晚三叠世拉丁期—卡尼期(227~242 Ma), 在时空上与鄂尔多斯盆地演化转折关键时期联系密切。结合区域构造分析认为, 上述2期凝灰岩是秦岭造山带加里东期商丹洋盆和印支期勉略洋盆俯冲闭合过程中火山活动事件在相邻盆地的响应和记录, 秦岭造山带构造演化对鄂尔多斯盆地南部早古生代海相盆地消亡和中生代内陆大型湖盆发育具有重要的控制作用。上述认识对深入探讨鄂尔多斯盆地南部和秦岭造山带显生宙期间长时间尺度盆山演化具有重要的指导意义。
Abstract:Tuff is the product of volcanic activity.Tuff layers in sedimentary basins are often isochronous, which is an important link for exploring the tectonic evolution of sedimentary basins and adjacent orogenic belts.The Phanerozoic magmatism in the Ordos Basin is very limited.However, in the late Early Paleozoic and Late Triassic Yanchang periods, there are many layers of tuff interlayers widely distributed in the southern basin.It indicates a close relationship between magmatic activities in adjacent orogenic belts.Predecessors have conducted a certain discussion on each of the two periods of tuff, but there is a lack of overall comprehensive research and analysis on why tuff is distributed in the southern part of the basin, and what genetic connections and tectonic significance it has.Based on previous research results, this paper systematically analyzes the distribution characteristics, source rock discrimination, development time and regional tectonic background of the above-mentioned two stage tuffs.The results show that the tuffs in the Ordos Basin are developed in deep water environments, gradually thinning from south to north.At the same time, geochemical discrimination reveals that they are all intermediate and acidic magmas, which is closely related to the origin of volcanic island arc eruption.The development time are respectively concentrated in the Late Ordovician Sandbian-Katian period(449~453 Ma)and the Late Triassic Ladinian-Carnian period(227~242 Ma), which are closely related to the key period of the Ordos Basin evolution in time and space.Combined with regional tectonics analysis, it is believed that the above-mentioned two stages of tuff development is the responses and records of volcanic events in adjacent basins during the subduction and closure of Caledonian Shangdan Ocean and Indosinian Mianlue Ocean in the Qinling Orogenic Belt.It shows that the tectonic evolution of the Qinling Orogenic Belt has an obvious control on the early Paleozoic marine basin disappearance and the development of the Mesozoic large intracontinental lake basin in the southern Ordos Basin.The above understanding has certain guiding significance for in-depth exploration of the long-term basin-mountain evolution and petroleum exploration during the Phanerozoic in the southern Ordos Basin and the Qinling Orogenic Belt.
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Key words:
- southern Ordos Basin /
- Tuff /
- Late Ordovician /
- Middle-Late Triassic /
- Qinling Orogenic Belt
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表 1 凝灰岩主量元素综合统计
Table 1. Comprehensive statistical table of main elements in tuff
% 时代 地区 SiO2 Al2O3 TFe2O3 MgO K2O Na2O TiO2 K2O/Na2O (Al2O3-Na2O)/TiO2 文献来源 中上奥陶统 平凉—陇县
(n=13)47.5~80.5
(59.4)10.1~22.5
(16.2)0.3~4.6
(2.3)0.7~4.1
(3.2)1.3~6.8
(4.9)0.04~3.1
(0.6)0.2~0.8
(0.5)0.4~132.5
(39.0)17.3~52.2
(36.3)袁卫国, 1995; 李文厚等, 1997; 李振宏, 2011; 陈诚等, 2012; 王振涛等，2015b; 2018 富平—岐山
(n=27)32.1~75.9
(54.4)3.7~24.7
(14.8)0.2~4.2
(2.0)0.9~5.0
(3.5)0.4~6.3
(3.1)0.01~1.9
(0.2)0.1~0.8
(0.3)1.4~422
(90.2)17.2~92.1
(50.6)全部数据
(n=40)32.1~80.5
(56.0)3.7~24.7
(15.2)0.2~4.6
(2.1)0.7~5.0
(3.4)0.4~6.8
(3.7)0.01~3.1
(0.3)0.1~0.8
(0.4)0.4~422
(73.6)17.2~92.1
(46.0)延长组 钻井样品
(53)49.7~79.8
(59.6)9.9~30.2
(22.7)0.6~8.0
(2.4)0.2~2.7
(1.5)1.4~5.6
(3.8)0.1~3.1
(1.2)0.1~1.0
(0.4)0.8~24.3
(4.8)20.4~269.8
(90.3)张文正等, 2009; 赖小东等, 2010; 邱欣卫等, 2011; 2013; 王建强等, 2017; 高璞等, 2017; 许锋等, 2019 露头样品
(n=16)51.8~72.6
(60.7)12.7~27.0
(18.9)0.9~13.4
(4.4)0.5~2.7
(1.4)1.1~4.3
(3.2)0.3~3.10
(1.24)0.1~0.8
(0.3)0.6~11.4
(4.9)22.2~294.8
(110.7)全部数据
(n=69)49.7~79.8
(59.9)9.9~30.2
(21.8)0.6~13.4
(2.9)0.2~2.7
(1.5)1.1~5.6
(3.6)0.1~3.1
(1.2)0.1~1.0
(0.4)0.6~24.3
(4.8)20.4~294.8
(95.0)注：括号中值为平均值 
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表 2 凝灰岩微量元素综合统计
Table 2. Comprehensive statistical table of trace elements in tuff
10-6 时代 地区 Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Cs Ba Hf Ta Pb Th U La Ce pr Nd 文献来源 中上奥陶统 平凉—陇县
(n=11)135.0~227.0
(184.5)45.8~188.0
(104.1)17.1~44.2
(30.2)95.9~585.0
(273.7)7.4~36.2
(15.6)10.3~19.6
(14.1)122.0~1303.0
(492.0)2.8~13.4
(6.7)0.5~2.7
(1.0)12.0~106.2
(34.9)12.2~55.4
(28.9)3.5~14.4
(7.9)36.0~78.2
(54.3)65.5~158.8
(106.3)7.2~15.9
(11.4)26.1~56.7
(40.0)袁卫国, 1995; 李文厚等, 1997; 李振宏, 2011; 陈诚等, 2012; 王振涛等，2015b; 2018 富平—岐山
(n=14)27.5~203.0
(101.2)50.7~534.0
(180.6)8.2~37.9
(21.8)35.2~266.0
(125.8)1.7~34.0
(11.4)6.1~20.0
(14.0)39.5~901.0
(268.2)1.0~8.2
(3.7)0.1~3.4
(0.9)10.0~48.8
(22.4)4.1~59.9
(18.4)3.9~15.6
(6.9)15.4~60.1
(38.1)22.7~117.0
(73.9)3.1~12.3
(7.9)10.1~43.4
(27.5)全部数据
(n=25)27.5~227.0
(137.8)45.8~534.0
(146.9)8.2~44.2
(25.5)35.2~585.0
(190.9)1.7~36.2
(13.2)6.1~20.0
(14.0)39.5~1303.0
(369.9)1.0~13.4
(5.0)0.1~3.4
(0.9)10.0~106.2
(29.1)4.1~59.9
(23.0)3.5~15.6
(7.4)15.4~78.2
(45.2)22.7~158.8
(88.1)3.1~15.9
(9.5)10.1~56.7
(33.0)延长组 岩心样品
(n=55)65.7~256.0
(152.0)50.3~781.0
(313.4)6.4~56.5
(28.6)64.0~685.5
(215.9)6.7~27.5
(15.2)2.1~17.5
(9.5)260.0~2118.0
(964.6)2.4~20.3
(7.6)0.7~6.7
(2.4)9.7~81.1
(44.4)9.6~57.9
(32.5)2.1~144.0
(11.3)21.6~156.7
(52.8)37.4~241.8
(104.1)4.5~26.1
(11.2)15.6~89.8
(39.4)张文正等, 2009; 赖小东等, 2010; 邱欣卫等, 2011; 2013; 王建强等, 2017; 高璞等, 2017; 许锋等, 2019 露头样品
(n=11)59.4~238.0
(138.7)84.6~438.0
(181.1)14.1~54.4
(30.8)82.8~301.0
(171.1)5.5~21.5
(14.6)4.6~9.2
(6.9)272.0~1181.0
(635.8)2.1~7.9
(6.2)0.4~2.5
(1.6)9.3~68.2
(38.7)11.5~41.2
(23.2)3.4~27.7
(10.4)25.3~59.8
(44.1)31.1~132.0
(80.7)6.7~18.6
(9.8)17.6~73.6
(35.8)全部数据
(n=66)59.4~256.0
(149.2)50.3~781.0
(294.8)6.4~56.5
(294.8)64.0~685.5
(208.4)5.5~27.5
(15.1)2.1~17.5
(9.1)260.0~2118.0
(909.8)2.1~20.3
(7.3)0.4~6.7
(2.2)9.3~81.8
(43.8)9.6~57.9
(31.0)2.1~144.0
(11.1)21.6~456.7
(51.3)31.1~241.8
(100.2)4.5~26.1
(11.0)15.6~89.8
(38.8)时代 地区 Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu ΣREE LREE/HREE
(La/Yb)nδEu δCe
(La/Sm)n文献来源 中上奥陶统 平凉—陇县
(n=11)4.5~11.1
(7.2)0.8~2.3
(1.3)4.1~9.8
(6.4)0.6~1.6
(1.0)3.0~9.0
(5.8)0.6~1.7
(1.1)1.9~4.4
(3.2)0.3~0.8
(0.5)1.8~4.6
(3.4)0.3~1.4
(0.7)152.6~342.9
(242.7)6.8~14.9
(10.7)5.92~19.50
(12.53)0.46~0.78
(0.59)1.00~1.10
(1.05)3.12~7.00
(5.11)袁卫国, 1995; 李文厚等, 1997; 李振宏, 2011; 陈诚等, 2012; 王振涛等，2015b; 2018 富平—岐山
(n=14)1.6~8.0
(4.9)0.3~1.5
(0.9)1.3~7.7
(4.5)0.2~1.5
(0.7)1.1~6.6
(3.8)0.3~1.5
(0.8)0.9~5.1
(2.4)0.1~0.8
(0.4)0.9~5.1
(2.4)0.2~0.8
(0.4)58.37~259.08
(168.6)6.4~16.0
(11.0)6.35~22.11
(12.60)0.32~0.90
(0.56)0.81~1.30
(1.03)3.54~7.93
(5.30)全部数据
(n=25)1.6~11.1
(5.9)0.3~2.3
(1.1)1.3~9.8
(5.3)0.2~1.6
(0.8)1.1~9.0
(4.7)0.3~1.7
(0.9)0.9~5.1
(2.8)0.1~0.8
(0.4)0.9~5.1
(2.8)0.2~1.4
(0.5)58.4~342.9
(201.2)6.4~16.0
(10.9)5.92~22.11
(12.60)0.32~0.90
(0.58)0.81~1.30
(1.04)3.12~7.93
(5.21)延长组 岩心样品
(n=55)3.0~15.7
(7.3)0.2~2.7
(1.1)2.6~11.8
(6.0)0.4~1.8
(0.9)1.5~10.2
(5.0)0.3~2.2
(1.1)0.7~6.5
(3.0)0.1~0.8
(0.4)0.6~5.3
(2.7)0.1~0.8
(0.4)99.8~550.2
(235.4)5.9~48.7
(17.6)4.05~52.52
(15.78)0.15~1.23
(0.55)0.79~2.08
(1.06)2.98~8.03
(4.72)张文正等, 2009; 赖小东等, 2010; 邱欣卫等, 2011; 2013; 王建强等, 2017; 高璞等, 2017; 许锋等, 2019 露头样品
(n=11)4.9~12.0
(6.9)0.2~2.0
(1.1)4.2~8.5
(6.1)0.7~1.4
(0.9)3.8~8.1
(5.1)0.7~1.8
(1.1)1.5~4.6
(3.0)0.2~0.8
(0.5)1.5~4.9
(3.1)0.2~0.8
(0.5)124.9~315.0
(198.7)7.9~21.6
(13.2)6.70~16.15
(10.65)0.15~0.72
(0.50)0.45~1.12
(0.95)2.93~5.14
(4.25)全部数据
(n=66)3.0~15.7
(7.2)0.2~2.7
(1.1)2.6~11.8
(6.0)0.4~1.8
(0.9)1.5~1.0
(5.0)0.3~2.2
(1.1)0.7~6.5
(3.0)0.1~0.8
(0.4)0.6~5.3
(2.8)0.1~0.8
(0.4)99.8~550.2
(229.3)5.9~48.7
(16.9)4.05~52.52
(14.92)0.15~1.23
(0.54)0.45~2.08
(1.04)2.93~8.03
(4.64)注：括号中值为平均值
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表 3 鄂尔多斯盆地凝灰岩锆石U-Pb年龄结果
Table 3. Summary of zircon U-Pb age results of tuff in southern Ordos Basin
时代 样品位置 采样层位 定年方法 年龄/Ma(锆石颗粒数) 数据来源 中上奥陶统 泾阳西陵沟 金粟山组 SHRIMP 451.1±4.9 Ma(n=12)
465.8±8.3 Ma(n=4)陈诚等，2012 富平赵老峪 金粟山组 SHRIMP 452.1±5.1 Ma(n=11)
457.5±5.1 Ma(n=12)泾阳西陵沟 平凉组 LA-ICP-MS 454±4.3 Ma(n=31)
452±5 Ma(n=22)
449±3 Ma(n=34)
457±3 Ma(n=15)王振涛等，2015b 甘肃银洞官庄 平凉组 LA-ICP-MS 450±2.0 Ma(n=10)
451±1.0 Ma(n=9)富平赵老峪 赵老峪组 SHRIMP 453.2±6.9 Ma(n=13) 吴素娟等，2014 乌海老石旦 乌拉力克组 LA-ICP-MS 454.9±3.4 Ma(n=6) 吴素娟等，2017 SHRIMP 456.4±4.2 Ma(n=8) 富平赵老峪 赵老峪组 LA-ICP-MS 460±7.1 Ma(n=21) 黄栋等，2016 富平赵老峪 赵老峪组 SHRIMP 451.6±6.1 Ma(n=12) 李振宏，2011; 甘肃银洞官庄 平凉组 LA-ICP-MS 453.4±1.5 Ma(n=30) 陕24井 马家沟顶 LA-ICP-MS 450.4±3.9 Ma 李振宏等，2015 岐山曹家沟 平凉组 LA-ICP-MS 454 Ma(n=80) 杨甫等，2015 平凉太统山 平凉组 LA-ICP-MS 462.8±3.8 Ma(n=71) 富平赵老峪 赵老峪组 LA-ICP-MS 444±6.2 Ma(n=23)
451.3±3.3 Ma耀县桃曲坡 桃曲坡组 LA-ICP-MS 453.7±3.3 Ma(n=31) 王振涛等，2018 中上三叠统延长组 铜川金锁关 延长组 LA-ICP-MS 240.7±0.75 Ma Xie, 2007 铜川何家坊 延长组长7段 LA-ICP-MS 226.5±1.6 Ma(n=24)
229.7±2.2 Ma(n=21)王建强等，2017 W8
N33井延长组长7段 LA-ICP-MS 221.8±2.0 Ma(n=21)
228.2±2.0 Ma(n=27)邓秀芹等，2013 宁36井 延长组长7段 LA-ICP-MS 236.1±2.7 Ma(n=15) 张辉等，2014 正8井 延长组长7段 234.3±2.8 Ma(n=12) 正9井 延长组长7段 234.9±2.6 Ma(n=14) 罗36井 延长组长7底 SHRIMP 239.7±1.7 Ma(n=13)
241.3±2.4 Ma(n=11)王多云等，2014 庄211井 延长组长7底 何2井 延长组长7底 LA-ICP-MS 239.8±2.0 Ma(n=27) 张文等，2017 崇信汭河 延长组长7底 ID-TIMS 239.0±1.8 Ma(n=4) 邓胜徽等，2018 盆地西南部 延长组长7段 LA-ICP-MS 221.8~228.2 Ma 陈朝兵等，2019 H3井 延长组长7底 LA-ICP-MS 241.0±1.4 Ma 袁珍等，2019 宜君云梦乡 延长组长7段 LA-ICP-MS 234.1±2.4 Ma(n=20)
234.8±2.1 Ma(n=9)
236.0±1.7 Ma(n=16)Sun et al., 2019 瑶曲衣食村 延长组长7段 LA-ICP-MS 243.2±3.2 Ma(n=38)
239.7±2.7 Ma(n=38)Zhu et al., 2019 瑶曲衣食村 延长组长7段 ID-TIMS 241.06±0.12 Ma(n=4)
241.56±0.093 Ma(n=5)赵向东等，2020 铜川霸王庄
铜川马庄延长组 LA-ICP-MS 240.3±1.4 Ma(n=9)
240.9±1.0 Ma(n=7)瑶曲衣食村 延长组 LA-ICP-MS 242.1±0.9 Ma(n=18)
240.1±0.9 Ma(n=14)
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