Structural design and material selection optimization for high pressure manifolds near the wellhead
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摘要: 为了研究和改善油气资源钻井工程中高压管汇系统受到流固体冲蚀的影响，本文根据近井口常规管汇布置情况，建立了0°、45°、90°三种角度弯管模型，并根据计算流体力学基本理论，结合实际工况，对压裂弯管内部流场进行数值模拟，最后设计了0°与45°压裂安装角度管汇布置结构，并根据此3种弯管安装角度及弯管材料选用，进行了室内冲蚀试验研究，得出了如下结论：（1）在不同的安装角度下，随着冲次增大，流体出口速度越大，在任何安装角度下，弯管部位会发生较大的速度波动，因此速度波动太大弯管部位会受到严重冲蚀；（2）高速流体冲蚀区域主要分布在近井口压裂头部位的管道入口位置，在两种错位情况下，管汇整体流体速度由出口到入口逐渐变小；（3）压裂头部位5个出口部位存在较大的冲蚀速度，速度和压力呈现阶梯状的变化，中间有压力和速度稳定时期，速度大的位置压力小。当安装角度为0°和45°时，流体的冲击速度会较小；（4）42CrMo防冲蚀能力较强，管道材料选用42CrMo有助于延长管道使用寿命。Abstract: In order to study and improve the impact of fluid/solid erosion on the high-pressure manifold system in oil and gas drilling， according to the conventional manifold layout near the wellhead， this paper establishes the models for three angle elbows of 0°， 45° and 90°， and carries out numerical simulation of the internal flow field of the fracturing elbow according to the basic theory of computational fluid mechanics and with regard to the actual working conditions. Finally， the manifold layout structures for 0° and 45° fracturing installation angles are designed. According to the installation angles of the three elbows and the selection of the three elbow materials， the indoor erosion test was carried out， and the following conclusions were obtained： （1）At different installation angles， the greater the velocity of the fluid outlet with the increase of the number of strokes， the greater the velocity fluctuation of the bend position at any installation angle； if the velocity fluctuation is too large， the bend position will be seriously eroded； （2）The high-speed fluid erosion area is mainly distributed at the inlet of the pipeline near the wellhead fracturing head. In the case of two dislocations， the overall fluid velocity of the manifold gradually decreases from the outlet to the inlet； （3）The erosion area is mainly distributed near the inlet of the pipeline near the fracturing head. There are high erosion velocities at the five outlets of the fracturing head， and the velocity and pressure show a stepwise changewith a stable period in the middle and small pressure at the position with high velocity. At the installation angle of 0° and 45°， the impact velocity of the fluid will be small； （4）42CrMo has strong erosion resistance， and the selection of 42CrMo as the pipeline material will help to prolong the service life of the pipeline.
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