Geochemical Characteristics and Petrogenesis of the Early Cretaceous Mafic–Felsic Dykes in the Shijia Gold Deposit, Penglai, Shandong Province
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摘要:
石家金矿床位于胶东金矿集区的蓬莱–栖霞金矿带北段，矿区广泛出露的早白垩世镁铁质–长英质脉岩与金矿体空间关系密切。脉岩岩石类型多样，主要包括煌斑岩、辉绿岩和花岗斑岩。各类脉岩的岩石地球化学特征研究表明，煌斑岩与辉绿岩具有低Si、低Fe和高Mg的特征，富集轻稀土和大离子亲石元素（如Ba、Sr、Pb），亏损高场强元素（如Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf、Ti），起源于富集岩石圈地幔的部分熔融，与岛弧火山岩类似。花岗斑岩具有高Si、高K、高Al的特点，富集轻稀土和大离子亲石元素（Th、U、Rb、Ba、Pb），亏损高场强元素（Ta、Nb、Ti、Zr、Hf），属高钾钙碱性系列过铝质岩石，是在软流圈上涌、幔源岩浆底侵背景下由杂砂岩部分熔融所形成的。虽然有学者认为这些脉岩可以作为有效的找矿标志，但年代学研究显示脉岩与金矿化无直接的成因联系。
Abstract:The Shijia gold deposit is situated in the north of the Penglai–Qixia gold belt in the Jiaodong Peninsula. Different types of early Cretaceous mafic–felsic dykes, mainly including lamprophyre, diabase, and granite porphyry dykes, are closed associated with gold mineralization in space at Shijia. Based on the study of geochemical characteristics of vein rocks, it is concluded that lamprophyre and diabase dykes are characterized by low contents of SiO2, TFe2O3 and high MgO, they are enriched in light rare earth elements (LREEs) and large ion lithophile elements (LILEs; Such as Ba, Sr, and Pb), but depleted in high field strength elements (HFSEs; Such as Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf, and Ti). It is considered that lamprophyre and diabase dykes with arc–like trace element patterns are originated from partial melting of the enriched lithospheric mantle. Granite porphyry dykes are peraluminous, high potassium calc–alkaline rocks which are characterized by high concentrations of SiO2, K2O and Al2O3, with enrichment in LREEs and LILEs (Th, U, Rb, Ba, and Pb) and depletion in HFSEs (Ta, Nb, Ti, Zr, and Hf). They were formed by partial melting of greywacks under the background of asthenosphere upwelling and mantle–derived magma underplating. Although some researchers suggest that these dykes can be used as effective ore prospecting indicators, chronological studies show that there is no direct genetic relationship between the dykes and gold mineralization.
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Key words:
- mafic–felsic dykes /
- petrogeochemistry /
- petrogenesis /
- Shijia gold deposit /
- Shandong Penglai
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图 7 Ba/Rb–Rb/Sr图解（a）（据Furman et al.，1999）与K/Yb–Dy/Yb图解（b）（据Duggen et al.，2005）
Figure 7.
图 9 石家金矿区花岗斑岩结晶分异趋势图解（底图据Eby，1990；Janousek et al.，2004）
Figure 9.
图 10 石家金矿区花岗斑岩源区判别图解（底图据Chen et al.，2014）
Figure 10.
表 1 石家金矿区三种脉岩主微量元素含量及特征值
Table 1. Contents and characteristic values of major and trace elements in three types of mafic–felsic dykes in Shijia gold deposit
样品
类型样品
原号SiO2 TiO2 Al2O3 TFe2O3 MnO MgO CaO Na2O K2O P2O5 LOI Total Mg# La Ce Pr 煌斑岩 HBY-2a 47.53 0.71 12.27 7.73 0.12 10.19 8.71 1.60 2.39 0.53 8.80 100.57 72.31 97.30 180.00 20.60 HBY-3a 43.90 0.66 10.82 7.77 0.13 10.64 9.91 1.10 2.10 0.45 13.88 101.35 73.05 89.20 164.00 18.60 HBY-4 45.55 0.70 12.07 7.60 0.13 8.86 9.05 1.35 2.37 0.52 11.96 100.15 69.79 100.00 181.00 20.30 HBY-6 46.48 0.69 12.92 7.47 0.12 9.64 8.09 1.65 2.43 0.50 9.51 99.49 71.87 103.00 189.00 21.40 HBY-8 46.38 0.66 11.48 7.78 0.12 11.14 9.05 1.38 2.11 0.46 10.12 100.68 73.94 87.50 162.00 18.30 HBY-9 46.57 0.67 11.39 7.65 0.12 10.52 9.07 1.40 2.29 0.48 9.70 99.85 73.15 94.00 172.00 19.70 HBY-10 46.52 0.69 12.65 7.48 0.12 8.69 8.33 1.51 2.56 0.51 10.68 99.75 69.69 105.00 193.00 21.40 PM-13 47.35 0.71 13.69 7.44 0.11 8.16 8.46 1.94 2.23 0.51 8.34 98.95 68.50 107.00 193.00 21.90 PM-16 48.07 0.73 13.37 7.52 0.13 8.44 8.84 1.99 2.39 0.53 8.27 100.29 68.98 108.00 198.00 22.30 辉绿岩 SCBY-2 48.98 0.82 14.16 7.64 0.12 8.09 8.27 1.58 2.37 0.35 8.96 101.36 67.72 50.00 94.10 10.60 SCBY-3 48.53 0.79 14.19 7.68 0.12 8.37 8.00 1.46 2.35 0.34 9.13 100.97 68.35 47.90 90.10 10.40 SCBY-4 49.86 0.84 14.48 7.65 0.12 7.82 8.45 1.68 2.32 0.37 9.07 102.67 66.96 50.30 93.80 11.00 SCBY-5 49.21 0.82 14.75 7.52 0.12 7.99 8.04 1.89 2.31 0.36 8.33 101.34 67.77 51.10 95.30 10.90 SCBY-6 48.86 0.81 14.23 7.54 0.12 8.16 8.27 1.72 2.25 0.35 8.68 100.99 68.18 49.40 93.20 10.40 SCBY-7 47.07 0.79 15.08 7.26 0.12 7.37 8.04 1.66 2.35 0.35 9.35 99.45 66.78 51.60 96.20 11.10 SCBY-8 49.19 0.82 14.58 7.51 0.12 7.87 7.77 1.64 2.38 0.36 9.20 101.45 67.49 50.40 93.50 10.90 SCBY-9 49.63 0.83 14.83 7.55 0.12 7.61 7.86 1.68 2.39 0.37 8.68 101.56 66.63 53.00 98.60 11.20 SCBY-10 49.45 0.84 15.07 7.60 0.12 7.14 7.62 1.63 2.51 0.38 9.43 101.79 65.02 52.80 100.00 11.40 SCBY-11 48.70 0.82 14.60 7.53 0.12 7.97 8.02 1.64 2.35 0.36 8.87 100.96 67.72 51.10 95.20 10.90 花岗
斑岩SYBY-2 73.26 0.18 15.36 1.40 0.04 0.47 1.69 2.17 4.03 0.07 2.72 101.38 39.74 77.30 124.00 11.90 SYBY-3 72.93 0.18 15.63 1.25 0.04 0.46 1.59 2.38 4.07 0.07 2.57 101.17 42.23 73.50 120.00 11.50 SYBY-4 71.07 0.20 16.04 1.66 0.05 0.56 2.38 2.96 3.04 0.09 3.41 101.46 40.02 101.00 160.00 15.30 SYBY-5 74.88 0.21 15.86 1.63 0.03 0.63 0.91 1.89 4.01 0.09 2.47 102.60 43.16 89.50 143.00 13.90 SYBY-6 72.82 0.21 16.55 1.80 0.02 0.46 0.89 2.38 4.05 0.09 2.29 101.56 33.37 94.00 154.00 14.70 SYBY-7 71.31 0.20 15.87 1.58 0.04 0.65 1.55 2.16 3.85 0.08 2.64 99.93 44.81 93.20 150.00 14.10 SYBY-8 72.76 0.18 15.55 1.50 0.04 0.39 1.44 2.45 4.09 0.07 2.70 101.17 34.18 75.30 122.00 11.80 SYBY-9 74.98 0.19 15.33 1.48 0.04 0.50 1.08 2.17 4.11 0.07 2.51 102.45 39.95 82.30 135.00 12.90 SYBY-10 70.93 0.18 15.75 1.43 0.03 0.50 1.46 2.32 4.00 0.07 2.70 99.37 40.97 79.80 131.00 12.60 SYBY-11 75.09 0.18 15.16 1.43 0.03 0.42 0.98 1.90 4.29 0.07 2.43 101.98 37.03 75.00 123.00 11.90 样品
类型样品
原号Nd Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Rb Ba Th U Nb 煌斑岩 HBY-2a 76.80 11.10 3.35 10.40 1.11 4.23 0.66 2.21 0.22 1.46 0.22 44.50 2389.00 17.00 2.46 6.30 HBY-3a 71.80 10.30 3.30 9.81 1.01 4.08 0.62 2.04 0.21 1.42 0.20 41.80 3043.00 15.60 2.32 5.70 HBY-4 75.90 10.90 3.88 10.90 1.13 4.44 0.69 2.27 0.24 1.59 0.23 48.20 4086.00 17.10 2.54 6.48 HBY-6 80.40 11.50 3.42 10.80 1.14 4.56 0.69 2.24 0.21 1.59 0.22 44.80 2514.00 17.90 2.73 6.81 HBY-8 67.50 9.94 3.23 9.36 1.04 3.96 0.60 2.00 0.20 1.39 0.20 40.70 3136.00 15.00 2.23 5.59 HBY-9 74.40 10.80 3.38 10.20 1.08 4.30 0.65 2.18 0.22 1.41 0.20 42.50 2618.00 16.50 2.39 5.94 HBY-10 80.20 11.40 3.90 10.90 1.15 4.54 0.68 2.32 0.23 1.59 0.23 49.90 3617.00 18.50 2.79 6.88 PM-13 79.60 11.30 3.67 11.40 1.19 4.67 0.71 2.40 0.26 1.65 0.25 48.20 3146.00 18.30 2.78 7.51 PM-16 83.80 11.50 3.95 11.50 1.23 4.69 0.73 2.39 0.25 1.66 0.25 44.00 3438.00 18.40 2.67 7.39 
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续表1 样品
类型样品
原号Nd Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Rb Ba Th U Nb 辉绿岩 SCBY-2 40.30 6.26 2.11 6.40 0.80 3.62 0.62 1.96 0.22 1.57 0.24 65.30 1387.00 6.18 1.03 6.39 SCBY-3 39.90 6.03 2.01 6.19 0.78 3.56 0.64 1.92 0.22 1.54 0.23 68.70 1324.00 6.44 1.01 6.09 SCBY-4 41.40 6.23 2.13 6.39 0.81 3.76 0.64 2.03 0.24 1.64 0.24 61.70 1411.00 6.78 1.08 6.36 SCBY-5 40.20 6.18 2.06 6.37 0.77 3.71 0.62 1.96 0.24 1.68 0.24 53.70 1331.00 6.82 1.11 6.31 SCBY-6 37.90 6.04 2.05 6.18 0.75 3.55 0.63 2.03 0.24 1.59 0.25 56.10 1382.00 6.56 1.03 6.21 SCBY-7 43.00 6.35 2.23 6.74 0.81 3.76 0.64 2.10 0.24 1.58 0.24 67.40 1386.00 6.98 1.11 6.62 SCBY-8 42.20 6.19 2.14 6.40 0.79 3.74 0.66 2.05 0.24 1.65 0.24 64.40 1371.00 6.81 1.10 6.41 SCBY-9 40.80 6.19 2.07 6.33 0.79 3.56 0.64 2.11 0.24 1.63 0.24 62.00 1341.00 7.08 1.15 6.57 SCBY-10 43.20 6.38 2.10 6.57 0.81 3.76 0.67 2.16 0.26 1.65 0.26 66.60 1261.00 7.31 1.23 6.79 SCBY-11 41.60 6.07 2.14 6.29 0.79 3.53 0.65 2.01 0.24 1.58 0.24 65.70 1422.00 6.80 1.08 6.34 花岗斑岩 SYBY-2 38.90 4.44 1.43 4.93 0.48 1.82 0.29 1.07 0.12 0.81 0.13 102.00 1550.00 21.50 3.52 7.63 SYBY-3 37.50 4.39 1.45 5.02 0.50 1.93 0.30 1.09 0.12 0.88 0.13 105.00 1721.00 21.70 3.65 7.92 SYBY-4 47.40 5.33 1.53 6.21 0.57 2.11 0.33 1.23 0.12 0.90 0.14 101.00 1078.00 22.90 3.69 7.84 SYBY-5 46.40 5.01 1.65 5.76 0.54 2.04 0.31 1.18 0.13 0.91 0.14 121.00 1670.00 22.30 3.56 7.67 SYBY-6 45.30 5.02 1.65 5.90 0.54 2.05 0.32 1.24 0.12 0.95 0.14 123.00 1762.00 23.20 3.27 8.10 SYBY-7 44.10 4.93 1.64 5.77 0.53 2.00 0.31 1.10 0.12 0.87 0.13 104.00 1758.00 22.50 3.51 7.69 SYBY-8 36.70 4.31 1.43 4.91 0.45 1.81 0.29 1.03 0.11 0.84 0.13 93.80 1563.00 20.90 3.17 7.39 SYBY-9 40.60 4.67 1.45 5.47 0.50 1.91 0.30 1.12 0.11 0.84 0.12 102.00 1376.00 22.70 3.55 7.82 SYBY-10 39.00 4.51 1.49 5.14 0.50 1.98 0.30 1.12 0.13 0.88 0.14 104.00 1659.00 22.20 3.66 7.81 SYBY-11 38.60 4.36 1.45 5.07 0.48 1.97 0.29 1.09 0.12 0.87 0.14 107.00 1517.00 22.20 3.63 7.49 样品
类型样品
原号Ta K Pb Sr P Zr Hf Ti Y V Cr Co Ni δEu （La/Yb）N ∑REE 煌斑岩 HBY-2a 0.33 19824.00 24.30 3426.00 2321.00 154.00 3.66 4270.00 16.40 130.00 574.00 42.60 170.00 0.94 47.80 409.66 HBY-3a 0.31 17409.00 17.90 1962.00 1973.00 140.00 3.37 3937.00 15.00 127.00 571.00 49.80 225.00 0.99 45.06 376.58 HBY-4 0.33 19635.00 20.80 2353.00 2261.00 157.00 3.61 4200.00 16.50 135.00 467.00 50.30 170.00 1.08 45.11 413.46 HBY-6 0.35 20150.00 26.40 2392.00 2196.00 163.00 3.70 4143.00 17.00 134.00 374.00 45.50 164.00 0.92 46.47 430.17 HBY-8 0.29 17539.00 20.20 2320.00 2027.00 137.00 3.37 3936.00 14.70 124.00 527.00 44.60 207.00 1.01 45.15 367.21 HBY-9 0.32 18998.00 23.00 3106.00 2076.00 148.00 3.46 4016.00 16.00 129.00 563.00 52.50 197.00 0.97 47.82 394.53 HBY-10 0.38 21258.00 19.30 3365.00 2244.00 160.00 3.85 4164.00 16.60 131.00 333.00 52.60 163.00 1.05 47.37 436.54 PM-13 0.38 18520.00 23.20 2193.00 2215.65 169.00 3.94 4282.00 17.50 145.00 355.00 44.80 157.00 0.98 46.52 439.00 PM-16 0.38 19804.00 26.40 3184.00 2303.00 164.00 3.72 4374.00 17.70 142.00 332.00 44.50 138.00 1.04 46.67 450.25 辉绿岩 SCBY-2 0.38 19673.00 15.80 802.00 1539.00 118.00 2.89 4920.00 14.90 149.00 373.00 47.20 130.00 1.01 22.84 218.80 SCBY-3 0.37 19537.00 10.70 774.00 1489.00 126.00 3.02 4757.00 15.00 144.00 392.00 52.70 134.00 1.00 22.31 211.42 SCBY-4 0.38 19262.00 14.40 794.00 1607.00 140.00 3.31 5060.00 15.60 147.00 364.00 51.50 116.00 1.02 22.00 220.61 SCBY-5 0.36 19210.00 11.20 777.00 1562.00 139.00 3.33 4890.00 15.50 144.00 371.00 49.90 120.00 1.00 21.82 221.34 SCBY-6 0.36 18671.00 11.90 830.00 1516.00 135.00 3.19 4842.00 15.50 146.00 437.00 52.60 134.00 1.02 22.29 214.19 SCBY-7 0.36 19515.00 13.10 841.00 1542.00 140.00 3.23 4747.00 15.60 148.00 338.00 41.40 113.00 1.03 23.43 226.59 SCBY-8 0.36 19775.00 12.70 795.00 1564.00 140.00 3.30 4935.00 15.70 147.00 387.00 47.00 124.00 1.03 21.91 221.10 SCBY-9 0.37 19857.00 16.10 768.00 1636.00 142.00 3.31 4988.00 16.00 142.00 322.00 38.60 113.00 1.00 23.32 227.40 SCBY-10 0.39 20811.00 12.60 788.00 1663.00 147.00 3.27 5056.00 16.20 147.00 315.00 355.00 119.00 0.98 22.95 232.01 SCBY-11 0.38 19519.00 12.30 791.00 1552.00 136.00 3.34 4899.00 15.50 147.00 379.00 348.00 123.00 1.05 23.20 222.33
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续表1 样品
类型样品
原号Ta K Pb Sr P Zr Hf Ti Y V Cr Co Ni δEu （La/Yb）N ∑REE 花岗
斑岩SYBY-2 0.68 33462.00 29.40 203.00 305.00 117.00 3.47 1092.00 7.87 16.90 4.41 73.90 7.31 0.93 68.28 267.62 SYBY-3 0.71 33801.00 53.20 194.00 300.00 124.00 3.59 1093.00 8.18 17.70 5.48 82.90 8.30 0.94 59.98 258.31 SYBY-4 0.61 25241.00 24.30 231.00 409.00 131.00 3.67 1225.00 9.01 21.20 5.97 54.70 6.78 0.81 80.77 342.16 SYBY-5 0.60 33255.00 40.20 151.00 389.00 132.00 3.61 1255.00 8.42 22.20 6.82 56.00 5.90 0.94 70.78 310.46 SYBY-6 0.66 33604.00 26.10 194.00 377.00 139.00 3.82 1281.00 8.64 20.60 5.82 57.40 6.45 0.92 70.83 325.93 SYBY-7 0.65 31929.00 25.60 209.00 349.00 125.00 3.55 1203.00 8.28 17.70 4.77 64.50 6.86 0.94 76.93 318.80 SYBY-8 0.68 33944.00 32.60 161.00 301.00 113.00 3.33 1102.00 7.54 16.60 4.85 78.80 7.73 0.95 64.30 261.11 SYBY-9 0.70 34091.00 31.50 132.00 319.00 115.00 3.49 1139.00 7.61 15.60 4.81 79.60 8.00 0.88 70.53 287.29 SYBY-10 0.70 33184.00 28.50 188.00 298.00 122.00 3.62 1050.00 8.01 17.50 6.00 74.30 8.15 0.94 64.90 278.60 SYBY-11 0.69 35648.00 30.70 130.00 291.00 120.00 3.48 1067.00 7.94 14.70 4.65 119.00 8.14 0.94 61.69 264.34 注：主量元素为%，微量元素为10−6。
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