Geological Characteristics and Metallogenic Geological Conditions of the Woxi Gold−Antimony−Tungsten Deposit in Yuanling, Hunan Province
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摘要:
沃溪矿床为湖南雪峰成矿带弧形转折端非常重要且极具特色的金锑钨共生超大型矿床，矿体赋存于北西西向断裂破碎带中，赋矿围岩为元古界板溪群马底驿组中上部绢云母化板岩。矿床类型为中低温热液石英脉型金锑钨矿床。笔者在实地调查并结合前人研究成果基础上，对该矿床地质特征、围岩蚀变和成矿地质条件进行了系统分析和总结。矿区围岩蚀变作用强烈，绢云母化、黄铁矿化和硅化与金锑钨成矿关系密切，此外还有伊利石化、碳酸盐化和绿泥石化等。矿床成矿作用分为热液成矿期及表生氧化期两个成矿期，其中热液成矿期可划分为石英–白钨矿–黄铁矿、自然金–黄铁矿–石英、辉锑矿–方锑金矿–石英和碳酸盐–石英4个阶段。矿床主要受地层和构造控制，是地层、构造和围岩蚀变三者在有利成矿条件下耦合的产物，其中地层为成矿提供了物源，一级断裂构造为成矿流体提供运移通道，二级次生层间断裂和节理裂隙提供了容矿空间，围岩蚀变则是成矿富集的必备条件，三者也是矿区找矿的直接标志。
Abstract:The Woxi gold antimony tungsten deposit is an important and characteristic gold antimony tungsten symbiotic super large deposit in the arc turning end of Xuefeng metallogenic belt in Hunan province.The deposit controlled by NWW trending faults, and hosted in purplish discoloration sericite slate in the middle and upper part of Madiyi formation of the Proterozoic Banxi group. The genesis of the deposit is metamorphic hydrothermal quartz vein type gold antimony tungsten deposit. Based on the field investigation and previous research results, this paper systematically analyzes and summarizes the geological characteristics, wall rock alteration and metallogenic geological conditions of the deposit. The wall rock alteration in the mining area is strong, pyritization and silicification are closely related to the gold antimony tungsten mineralization. In addition, there are illitization, carbonation and chloritization . The mineralization of the deposit can be divided into two metallogenic periods: hydrothermal metallogenic period and supergene oxidation period. The hydrothermal metallogenic period of the deposit can be divided into four stages: quartz–scheelite–pyrite stage, natural gold–pyrite–quartz stage, stibnite–fangantimony gold–quartz stage and carbonate–quartz stage. The deposit is mainly controlled by stratum , structure and wall rock alteration, which is the product of the coupling of stratum, structure and wall rock alteration under favorable metallogenic conditions. Among them,stratum provides material source for mineralization, primary fault structure provides migration channel for metallogenic fluid, and secondary interlayer faults and joint fissures provide ore holding space. Wall rock alteration is the necessary condition for metallogenic enrichment, and the three factors are also the direct signs of ore prospecting in the mining area.
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表 1 沃溪矿床热液成矿期矿物生成顺序表
Table 1. Sequence of mineral formation during hydrothermal mineralization of the Woxi deposit
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表 2 矿区构造及其控矿作用表
Table 2. Structure of mining area and its ore-control function
构造 分布或名称 活动时间 控矿作用 成矿前 成矿期 成矿后 一级断裂 沃溪大断裂 
导矿构造 冷家溪大断裂 
次级构造 层间断裂 
导矿、容矿构造 横断裂 
横跨褶曲 
控矿、容矿构造 节 理 
成矿后断裂 北东向张扭性断层 
破坏矿体 注：椭圆长度表示活动时长，宽度代表活动强度。
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