威海市七里汤地热田特征及其成因机制

袁星芳; 邢立亭; 贾群龙; 韩忠; 李方舟

doi:10.12401/j.nwg.2023050

威海市七里汤地热田特征及其成因机制

1.
山东省第六地质矿产勘查院，山东威海　264209

2.
济南大学，山东省地下水数值模拟与污染控制工程技术研究中心，山东济南　250022

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目“多级次地下水流系统对北方岩溶大泉动态的影响机制”（42272288），威海市地质勘查项目“威海市七里汤、大英汤地热田资源可行性勘查”（SDGP371000201901000140-A）联合资助。

详细信息

作者简介: 袁星芳（1990−），女，高级工程师，主要从事水工环地质工作。E−mail：lywhyxf＠163.com

通讯作者: 邢立亭（1966−），男，教授，主要从事水文地质教学与研究工作。E−mail：stu_jnedu@126.com

中图分类号: P641.11；P314.1

收稿日期: 2022-02-09

修回日期: 2022-10-08

刊出日期: 2023-12-20

Characteristics and Genetic Mechanism of Qilitang Geothermal Field in Weihai

1.
NO.6 Exploration Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Weihai 264209, Shandong, China

2.
Shandong Engineering ResearchCenter of Groundwater Numerical Simulation and Pollution Control, Jinan University, Jinan 250022, Shandong, China

More Information

Corresponding author: XING Liting, stu_jnedu@126.com

Received Date: 09 February 2022

Revised Date: 08 October 2022

Publish Date: 20 December 2023

摘要

摘要:
为保护威海市七里汤地热温泉，笔者通过地热地质调查、地球物理勘查、地球化学勘查等方法探讨了七里汤地热田的水源、热源、地温场、聚热模式、水热运移通道等要素，建立了地热田成因概念模型，揭示了其成因机制。结果表明：①地热水水化学类型以SO₄·HCO₃–Ca·Na和HCO₃–Na·Ca型水为主，水质动态较为稳定。②热水主要补给来源是大气降水，大气降水入渗后沿着横口–杨格庄深大断裂深循环到地下约为2276 m，水温加热至114.39℃左右，在断裂交汇处再沿着破碎带上涌溢出地表成泉。③入渗地下水沿着断裂构造带往深部运移过程中不断吸取围岩中的热量，地热田温泉成因类型为深循环–对流型。④七里汤等胶东温泉地热田均受断裂控制，地热异常区的面积不大，地热田规模小，虽然胶东温泉地热具有良好的开发市场前景，但必须控制开采，以免过量开采造成资源枯竭、热水温度下降。研究成果对威海地区地热资源开发利用有一定指导意义。
- 对流型 /
- 成因机制 /
- 地热温泉 /
- 断裂 /
- 七里汤
Abstract:
In order to protect the Qilitang geothermal hot spring in Weihai City, this paper discusses the elements of the Qilitang geothermal field, such as water source, heat source, geothermal field, heat accumulation model, and water and heat migration channel, through the methods of geothermal geological survey, geophysical exploration and geochemical exploration, and establishes the genetic conceptual model of the geothermal field and reveals its genetic mechanism. The research shows that: ① The chemical types of geothermal water are mainly SO₄·HCO₃−Ca·Na and HCO₃−Na·Ca type water, and the water quality dynamics are relatively stable. ② The main source of hot water recharge is meteoric water, which circulates to about 2276 m underground along the Hengkou−Yanggezhuang deep fracture and is heated to about 114.39 ℃. At the intersection of the faults, springs emerge along the fracture zone. ③ The infiltrated groundwater continuously absorbs heat from surrounding rocks during its deep migration along the fault tectonic belt. The genetic type of hot spring in geothermal field is deep circulation−convection type. ④ Jiaodong hot spring geothermal fields such as Qilitang are controlled by faults. The area of geothermal anomaly is small and the scale of geothermal field is small. Although Jiaodong hot spring geothermal has good market prospects for development, exploitation must be controlled to avoid resource exhaustion and temperature drop of hot water caused by excessive exploitation. The research results have certain guiding significance for the development and utilization of geothermal resources in Weihai area.
- convective type /
- genetic mechanism /
- geothermal hot spring /
- fault /
- Qilitang

HTML全文

图 1 七里汤采样点分布图（a）及典型钻孔地层结构图（b）

Figure 1.

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图 2 七里汤地热田水样点水化学Piper图

Figure 2.

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图 3 七里汤地热水化学组分历年含量曲线图

Figure 3.

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图 4 水位与水温动态历年变化图

Figure 4.

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图 5 七里汤地温等值线图

Figure 5.

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图 6 钻孔垂向测温图

Figure 6.

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图 7 水样δ²H−δ¹⁸O关系图

Figure 7.

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图 8 胶东半岛硅热流等值线图（据史猛等，2021修改）

Figure 8.

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图 9 SiO₂浓度曲线图

Figure 9.

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图 10 胶东地区部分温泉成因示意图

Figure 10.

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图 11 七里汤地热田成因机制

Figure 11.

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表 1 七里汤田水化学类型表

Table 1. Chemical types of Qilitang water

采样编号	水化学类型	采样编号	水化学类型	采样编号	水化学类型
Y01	HCO₃·Cl–Ca·Mg·Na	Y02	Cl·SO₄–Ca·Mg	Y03	SO₄·HCO₃–Ca·Na
Y04	Cl·HCO₃–Ca·Na	Y05	NO₃·Cl–Ca·Na	Y06	NO₃–Ca·Na
Y07	Cl·HCO₃–Ca·Na·Mg	Y08	HCO₃·Cl–Ca·Na	Y09	NO₃–Ca·Na
Y10	HCO₃–Ca·Mg	Y11	SO₄–Ca·Mg	Y12	SO₄–Ca·Mg
Y13	NO₃·HCO₃–Ca·Mg	Y14	Cl–Ca·Na	Y15	Cl·HCO₃–Ca·Na
ZK1	HCO₃·SO₄–Na·Ca	ZK2	HCO₃–Na·Ca	ZK3	SO₄·HCO₃–Ca·Na

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表 2 胶东部分温泉热储温度及所处构造表

Table 2. Temperature and structure of some hot spring heat storage in Jiaodong

温泉	热储温度（℃）	循环深度（m）	构造部位	备注
威海宝泉汤	115.16	2022.14	NW神道口断裂；NE金线顶断裂	○
威海温泉汤	125.5	1743	NW温泉汤断裂；NE西字城—鲍家山断裂	※
文登洪水岚汤	135.02	5532.74	NE横口—东柳林断裂	☆
文登呼雷汤	136.6	1352.69	NE青龙河断裂；NW汤西断裂	☆
文登汤村汤	106.32	7302.85	NE昌阳河断裂；NW汤村断裂	☆
文登大英汤	109.18	1808.79	NE米山断裂、NE甸里院断裂	☆
乳山小汤	110.47	1503.2	NE仙姑顶断裂	☆
牟平龙泉汤	109.34	9653.24	NE汤西—龙泉断裂	☆
牟平于家汤	116.33	620.15	NE桃村断裂、郭城—即墨断裂；NW于家汤断裂	☆
乳山兴村汤	112.61	9784.65	NE朱吴断裂	☆
即墨东温泉	123.8	7803.84	NE青岛断裂、NE郭城—即墨断裂	☆
栖霞艾山汤	117.09	8568.32	NE寨里—杨础断裂	☆
蓬莱温石汤	132.09	8921.29	NE村里集断裂；NW温石汤断裂	☆
招远东汤温泉	127.63	3634.7	NE玲珑断裂；NW招平断裂（招远段）	☆
注：○表示资料来自于杜桂林等（2012）；※表示资料来自于隋来伦等（2020）；☆表示资料来自于史猛等（2019a）。

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