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摘要:
宁东煤炭基地开发已成为宁夏工业经济发展的重要引擎，而煤炭开采所引起的地表沉降成为该区主要的区域地质环境问题。笔者利用合成孔径雷达差分干涉测量技术（DinSAR）和2015～2019年的5期Sentinel-1A数据，对宁东煤炭基地区域性地表沉降特征进行监测。结果表明，不同区域、不同年份间的沉降特征存在较大差异，其中北部地区整体沉降量较大，年最大沉降量达到了0.13 m，南部整体沉降量较小；2015～2016年沉降量最大，而2016～2017年沉降量最小；2015～2019年沉降量超过0.1 m的区域面积为578 km²，沉降区与煤矿工矿开采活动区一致，主要为煤炭开采引发的地表沉降。其他微量地表沉降，一方面来自雷达影像的相干失真，另一方面与地表其他风沙侵蚀等变形有关。DinSAR技术在大范围监测地表沉降方面具有明显优势，但由于时间基线较长，存在一定的失相干现象。
Abstract:The exploitation of Ningdong coal base has become an important engine for industrial economic development in Ningxia. Surface subsidence, which caused by coal mining has become the main geological environmental problem in the area. This study monitored regional surface subsidence characteristics of Ningdong coal base by utilizing Differential Interferometry Synthetic Aperture Radar (DinSAR) and Sentinel-1A dataset from 2015 to 2019. The results indicated that the characteristics of subsidence vary widely in different regions and years, subsidence in the north is larger than that in the south, which maximum reached 0.13 m. In the past four years, the subsidence from 2015 to 2016 is most serious and however its from 2016 to 2017 is lest. During 2015～2019, the area with subsidence value more than 0.1 m were 578 km². The subsidence area is consistent with the mining activity area, which means that the surface subsidence is mainly caused by coal mining. Other slight surface subsidence, on the one hand, could caused by coherent distortion of radar image and be related to the surface deformation such as wind-sand erosion on the other hand. DinSAR technique has distinct advantage in monitoring large-scale land subsidence, but there is a loss of coherent phenomenon due to the long time baseline.
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Key words:
- surface subsidence /
- DinSAR /
- coal base /
- deformation monitoring /
- Ningdong
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表 1 Sentinel-1A干涉像对及其时空基线表
Table 1. Temporal and spatial (perpendicular) baselines of Sentinel-1A interferograms
干涉像对编号 主影像成像时间 副影像成像时间 时间基线（d） 空间基线（m） 1 20150520 20160514 360 −101.11 2 20160514 20170521 372 38.32 3 20170521 20180516 360 51.09 4 20180516 20190523 372 −18.87 
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