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中国新疆–中亚大地构造单元划分及演化简述

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张向飞, 陈莉, 曹华文, 彭智敏, 陈奋宁, 洪俊, 任飞, 王启宇, 姜丽莉, 高慧, 潘桂棠, 李文昌. 2023. 中国新疆–中亚大地构造单元划分及演化简述. 西北地质, 56(4): 1-39. doi: 10.12401/j.nwg.2023061
引用本文: 张向飞, 陈莉, 曹华文, 彭智敏, 陈奋宁, 洪俊, 任飞, 王启宇, 姜丽莉, 高慧, 潘桂棠, 李文昌. 2023. 中国新疆–中亚大地构造单元划分及演化简述. 西北地质, 56(4): 1-39. doi: 10.12401/j.nwg.2023061
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ZHANG Xiangfei, CHEN Li, CAO Huawen, PENG Zhimin, CHEN Fenning, HONG Jun, REN Fei, WANG Qiyu, JIANG Lili, GAO Hui, PAN Guitang, LI Wenchang. 2023. Division of Tectonic Units and Their Evolutions within Xinjiang, China to Central Asia. Northwestern Geology, 56(4): 1-39. doi: 10.12401/j.nwg.2023061
Citation: ZHANG Xiangfei, CHEN Li, CAO Huawen, PENG Zhimin, CHEN Fenning, HONG Jun, REN Fei, WANG Qiyu, JIANG Lili, GAO Hui, PAN Guitang, LI Wenchang. 2023. Division of Tectonic Units and Their Evolutions within Xinjiang, China to Central Asia. Northwestern Geology, 56(4): 1-39. doi: 10.12401/j.nwg.2023061
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中国新疆–中亚大地构造单元划分及演化简述

  • 1.

    中国地质调查局成都地质调查中心（西南地质科技创新中心），四川 成都　610081

  • 2.

    成都理工大学地球科学学院，四川 成都　610059

  • 3.

    中国地质调查局西安地质调查中心（西北地质科技创新中心），陕西 西安　710054

  • 4.

    昆明理工大学国土资源工程学院，云南 昆明　650093

  • 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金–重点基金项目（92055314），国家重点研发计划项目课题（2021YFC2901803），国际地学科学计划项目（IGCP-741），四川省“天府万人计划”杰出科学家项目（川万人第 023号），云南省科学技术奖–杰出贡献奖项目（ 2017001）和中国地质调查局项目（DD20221910、ZD20220408）联合资助
详细信息
    作者简介: 张向飞（1985–），男，正高级工程师，博士，从事基础地质与区域矿床学研究。E–mail：zhangfei1895@163.com
    通讯作者: 潘桂棠（1941–），男，研究员，长期从事区域地质和大地构造研究。E–mail：13808091563@163.com;  李文昌（1962–），男，正高级工程师，长期从事找矿勘探和矿床地质研究。E–mail：lwcyndd@163.com

  • 中图分类号: P544；P541

Division of Tectonic Units and Their Evolutions within Xinjiang, China to Central Asia

  • 1.

    Chengdu Center of China Geological Survey (Geosciences Innovation Center of Southwest China), Chengdu 610081, Sichuan, China

  • 2.

    College of Earth Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, China

  • 3.

    Xi’an Center of China Geological Survey (Northwest China Center for Geoscience Innovation), Xi’an 710054, Shaanxi, China

  • 4.

    Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, China

More Information

    摘要

  • 中国新疆–中亚地处特提斯构造域和古亚洲构造域交汇部位，跨全球最重要三大构造（成矿）域中的2个，对认识全球构造演化和资源环境效应具有重要意义，前人对该区域开展了大量研究，提出了不同的大地构造单元和成矿区（带）划分方案，然而不同学派之间存在诸多争议。笔者结合“多岛弧盆系”构造理论，遵循将今论古的比较构造地质学研究原则，以大地构造相的时空结构分析为主线，以对接带、造山系和陆块区3类一级大地构造单元，依据优势大地构造相将研究区划分为12个一级构造单元、32个二级构造单元和74个三级构造单元，并针对二级构造单元的构造环境和岩石建造组合进行描述、总结，以建立研究区总体构造格架和演化历史。在此基础上，依据两大构造域时空演化特征，追溯古亚洲洋和特提斯构造域的构造演化历史。通过对研究区构造单元划分和构造演化的重新厘定，以期为区域基础地质研究和资源能源勘查提供基础依据。

    The region of Xinjiang (China) to central Asia, located at the intersection of Tethys and ancient Asia tectonic domains, spans two of the three most important tectonic (metallogenic) domains in the world. Therefore, it is of great significance to understand the global tectonic evolution and the effects of resources–environment. Previous researchers have carried out a lot of researches on this region, and proposed different geotectonic units and metallogenic regions (belts) division schemes. However, there are many disputes between different research teams. Based on the structural theory of "multi–island–arc–basin–terrain (MABT)" system by our research team, following the research principle of comparative structural geology, i.e., the present is the key to reveal the past, and taking spatial and temporal structure analysis of tectonic faces and environment as the main approach in which the suture zone, orogenic system and continental block are treated as three first–rank tectonic units. Accordingly, 12 first–rank tectonic units, 32 second–rank tectonic units and 74 third–rank tectonic units are divided following the dominant tectonic faces in the research region of this paper. Moreover, tectonic environment and rock formation combination of the second–rank tectonic units are focused on to establish the overall tectonic framework and evolution history of this region. Based on these, according to their temporal–spatial evolution characteristics, the tectonic evolution histories are reconstructed for Ancient Asian Ocean and Tethys Ocean, respectively. Through the division of tectonic units and the redefinition of tectonic framework, it is expected to provide scientific basis for regional basic geological research and resource–energy exploration practice in this domain.

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  • 图 1  全球奥陶纪洋–陆格局示意图（据Scotese，2006；王立全等，2021）

    Figure 1. 

    下载: 全尺寸图片 幻灯片

    图 2  中国新疆–中亚地区大地构造单元划分图

    Figure 2. 

    下载: 全尺寸图片 幻灯片

    图 3  古亚洲洋演化简图

    Figure 3. 

    下载: 全尺寸图片 幻灯片

    图 4  特提斯洋演化简图

    Figure 4. 

    下载: 全尺寸图片 幻灯片

    表 1  中国新疆–中亚地区大地构造单元划分表

    Table 1.  Division framework of tectonic units within Xinjiang (China)– Central Asia

    一级构造单元 二级构造单元 三级构造单元
    代号名称代号名称代号名称
    Ⅰ 阿尔泰（–兴蒙）造山系 Ⅰ1 阿尔泰弧盆系 Ⅰ1-1 南阿尔泰陆缘弧（Pz1–C）
    Ⅰ1-2 南阿尔泰南缘增生弧（Pz2）
    Ⅱ 斋桑–额尔齐斯对接带 Ⅱ1 额尔齐斯断陷盆地（N–Q） 　 　
    Ⅱ2 额尔齐斯–斋桑结合带 Ⅱ2-1 卡尔巴–额尔齐斯增生楔（O–C）
    Ⅱ2-2 斋桑-布尔根蛇绿混杂岩带（Pz1–C）
    Ⅱ2-3 吉木乃–北准噶尔洋内弧（Pz2）
    Ⅲ 乌拉尔–哈萨克斯坦–天山造山系 Ⅲ1 东准噶尔弧盆系 Ⅲ1-1 三塘湖岛弧（O–C）
    Ⅲ1-2 卡拉麦里蛇绿混杂岩带（Pz1–C）
    Ⅲ2 东天山弧盆系 Ⅲ2-1 哈尔里克-大南湖岛弧（O–C）
    Ⅲ2-2 康古尔塔格蛇绿混杂岩带（Pz1–C）
    Ⅲ2-3 觉罗塔格岛弧（D–C）
    Ⅲ3 准噶尔–吐哈地块 Ⅲ3-1 准噶尔地块（AnNh）
    Ⅲ3-2 博格达裂谷盆地（C–P）
    Ⅲ3-3 吐哈地块（Pz1-C）
    Ⅲ4 塔尔巴哈台-西准噶尔弧盆系 Ⅲ4-1 萨雷扎尔–扎尔马岛弧（Pz1）
    Ⅲ4-2 塔尔巴哈台–赛米斯台岛弧（Pz2）
    Ⅲ4-3 唐巴勒–达拉布特蛇绿混杂岩带（O–C）
    Ⅲ4-4 阿克塔斯特-萨亚克蛇绿混杂岩带（Pz1-C）
    Ⅲ5 巴音沟–米什沟结合带 Ⅲ5-1 依连哈比尔尕蛇绿混杂岩带（Pz2）
    Ⅲ5-2 米什沟–冰达坂蛇绿混杂岩带（Pz1–C）
    Ⅲ6 莫因特–巴尔喀什–中天山地块 Ⅲ6-1 卡拉索尔–巴尔喀什–博罗科努陆缘弧（O-C）
    Ⅲ6-2 阿加德尔–莫因特–伊犁裂谷盆地（C–P）
    Ⅲ6-3 巴彦乌拉尔–扎拉依尔奈曼–中天山陆缘弧（O–C）
    Ⅲ7 希迭尔特–热尔套山–卡拉科尔结合带 Ⅲ7-1 希迭尔特-萨雷苏蛇绿混杂岩带（Pz1-C）
    Ⅲ7-2 热尔套山-卡拉科尔蛇绿混杂岩带（Pz1–C）
    Ⅲ8 图尔盖–塔拉斯地块 Ⅲ8-1 田吉兹湖–热兹卡兹甘陆缘弧（O–P）
    Ⅲ8-2 伊希姆–斯捷普尼亚克逆冲带（Ar？陆核）
    Ⅲ8-3 图尔盖-克孜勒库姆前陆盆地（Mz）
    Ⅲ8-4 卡拉套基底断隆带（K–Q右行走滑）
    Ⅲ8-5 塔拉斯–吉尔吉斯山增生弧（O–P）
    Ⅲ8-6 布坎套–费尔干纳陆缘弧（O–P）
    Ⅲ9 乌拉尔弧盆系 Ⅲ9-1 主乌拉尔蛇绿混杂岩带（Pz1–C）
    Ⅲ9-2 东乌拉尔岛弧（O–P）
    Ⅳ 东欧陆块区 Ⅳ1 前乌拉尔地块（An€） 　 　
    Ⅳ2 北里海残余盆地（Mz–E） 　 　
    Ⅴ 突厥斯坦–阿特巴什–南天山对接带 Ⅴ1 阿特巴什–南天山结合带 Ⅴ1-1 碱泉蛇绿混杂岩带（D–C）
    Ⅴ1-2 额尔宾山–库米什蛇绿混杂岩带（D–C）
    Ⅴ1-3 哈尔克山高压–超高压变质带（Pz1–C）
    Ⅴ1-4 阿特巴什–西南天山蛇绿混杂岩带（Pz1–C）
    Ⅴ2 乌兹别克–突厥斯坦结合带 Ⅴ2-1 乌兹别克–阿赖蛇绿混杂岩带（Pz1–C）
    Ⅴ2-2 曼格什拉克–萨雷卡梅什湖蛇绿混杂岩带（Pz1–C）
    下载: 导出CSV
    续表1
    一级构造单元 二级构造单元三级构造单元
    代号名称代号名称代号名称
    Ⅵ 卡拉库姆–塔里木陆块区 Ⅵ1 敦煌陆块 Ⅵ1-1 柳园（阿克塔格）逆冲带（Pz2陆缘裂谷）
    Ⅵ1-2 敦煌断陷盆地（Cz）
    Ⅵ1-3 阿尔金北逆冲带（Ar2-3陆核）
    Ⅵ2 塔里木陆块 Ⅵ2-1 库鲁克塔格逆冲带（Pz1陆缘盆地）
    Ⅵ2-2 西南天山–霍拉山逆冲带（Pz1陆缘裂谷）
    Ⅵ2-3 塔里木前陆盆地（Mz）
    Ⅵ2-4 铁克里克逆冲带（Pt裂谷盆地）
    Ⅵ3 卡拉库姆陆块 Ⅵ3-1 撒马尔罕–克孜勒苏河逆冲带（Pz1陆缘盆地）
    Ⅵ3-2 卡拉库姆–马扎里沙里夫前陆盆地（Mz）
    Ⅵ3-3 法扎巴德–桑格沃尔德逆冲带（C–P陆缘裂谷）
    Ⅵ3-4 兴都库什岩浆弧（Mz）
    Ⅶ 北帕米尔–阿尔金–昆仑造山系 Ⅶ1 阿尔金弧盆系 Ⅶ1-1 红柳沟-拉配泉蛇绿混杂岩带（Pz1）
    Ⅶ1-2 阿中地块（AnNh）
    Ⅶ1-3 阿帕–茫崖蛇绿混杂岩带（Pz1）
    Ⅶ1-4 江尕孜萨依–巴什瓦克高压变质岩带（Pt3–Pz1）
    Ⅶ2 柴达木地块（Cz断陷盆地）
    Ⅶ3 东昆仑弧盆系 Ⅶ3-1 祁漫塔格北坡–夏日哈岩浆弧（O–S）
    Ⅶ3-2 祁漫塔格蛇绿混杂岩带（Pz1）
    Ⅶ3-3 北昆仑岩浆弧（O–T2）
    Ⅶ3-4 乌鲁赛赤河弧间裂谷盆地（C–P）
    Ⅶ4 北帕米尔–西昆仑弧盆系 Ⅶ4-1 恰尔隆–库尔良弧后裂谷盆地（C–P）
    Ⅶ4-2 北帕米尔–柳什塔格岛弧（Pz–T2）
    Ⅶ4-3 库地–其曼于特蛇绿混杂岩带（Pz1）
    Ⅶ4-4 奥依且克–塔木其岛弧（O–S）
    Ⅷ 塔尼马斯–康西瓦–南昆仑对接带 Ⅷ1 南昆仑结合带 Ⅷ1-1 东昆仑南坡增生杂岩带（Pt3–Pz1）
    Ⅷ1-2 木孜塔格–布喀达坂蛇绿混杂岩带（Pz2–T2）
    Ⅷ2 塔尼马斯-康西瓦结合带 Ⅷ2-1 康西瓦–苏巴什蛇绿混杂岩带（Pz）
    Ⅷ2-2 塔尼马斯（Tanymas）蛇绿混杂岩带（Pz2）
    Ⅸ 中帕米尔（–羌塘–三江）造山系 Ⅸ1 喀拉塔格–巴颜喀拉地块 Ⅸ1-1 巴颜喀拉前陆盆地（T3）
    Ⅸ1-2 喀拉塔格前陆盆地（T3）
    Ⅸ2 中帕米尔–甜水海地块（AnNh） 　 　
    Ⅹ 巴扎拉克–鲁山普哈特（–班公湖–双湖–怒江）对接带 Ⅹ1 巴扎拉克–鲁山普哈特结合带 Ⅹ1-1 鲁山普哈特（Rushan–Pshart）蛇绿混杂岩带（Pz2–K？）
    Ⅹ1-2 潘焦–巴扎拉克蛇绿混杂岩带（Pz2-K？）
    Ⅺ 南帕米尔–拉达克
    （–冈底斯–喜马拉雅）造山系    		 Ⅺ1 南帕米尔（–冈底斯）弧盆系 Ⅺ1-1 南帕米尔（–昂龙岗日–班戈–腾冲）岩浆弧
    Ⅺ1-2 什约克（Shyok）（–狮泉河–申扎–嘉黎）蛇绿混杂岩带
    Ⅺ1-3 科西斯坦–拉达克（–冈底斯–察隅）岩浆弧
    Ⅺ2 喀布尔–印度河（–雅鲁藏布江）结合带 Ⅺ2-1 印度河蛇绿混杂岩带（T–K）
    Ⅺ2-2 喀布尔蛇绿混杂岩带（T–K）
    Ⅺ3 白沙瓦–斯里那加（–喜马拉雅）地块（An€） 　 　
    Ⅻ 印度陆块区 Ⅻ1 杰赫勒姆前陆盆地（Cz） 　 　
    下载: 导出CSV
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