Geochronology, Isotopic Geochemistry of Diorite Porphyrite in Tianming Gold Deposit, Hunan
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摘要:
湖南安化天明金矿区的勘查工作中，岩芯揭露隐伏云斜煌斑岩。为探讨脉岩与成矿关系，对云斜煌斑岩开展岩石学、LA−ICP−MS锆石U−Pb年代学、全岩主微量元素和Sr−Nd同位素组成研究。结果显示，云斜煌斑岩遭受强烈的碳酸盐化蚀变；成岩时代不早于104 Ma，可能是晚燕山期华南构造–岩浆事件的响应；（418.79±1.57）Ma与（2506±14）Ma两组谐和年龄分别记录了志留纪扬子地块华夏诸岛弧陆弧碰撞以及太古宙地壳初始大规模增生，表明基底物质来源于上述2次地质事件。云斜煌斑岩属高钾钙碱性系列，轻稀土元素（LREE）富集、重稀土元素（HREE）亏损，具有明显的Eu负异常和Ce正异常；大离子亲石元素和高场强元素亏损，相容元素含量高；全岩εNd(t)=−8.28～−7.61表明壳幔混源；认为云斜煌斑岩由地幔岩浆在源区残留角闪石、钛铁矿和/或金红石，经历以斜长石为主的分离结晶，并受地壳混染，最终在近EW向断裂中侵位形成。对比湘中地区脉岩，赋矿地层，地壳Au、Sb含量，暗示脉岩与锑可能具有深部同源性，天明矿床具有锑成矿潜力。
Abstract:The exploration in the Tianming Mining Area, Anhua, Hunan, has uncovered the concealed mica−plagioclase lamprophyre. In order to study the relationship between the dike and mineralization, we conducted various studies including petrographic, LA−ICP−MS zircon U−Pb chronology, whole−rock major and trace elements and Sr−Nd isotope composition analyses on the mica-plagioclase lamprophyre. The results indicate that the mica−plagioclase lamprophyre underwent significant carbonate alteration. The diagenesis age is estimated to be no earlier than 104 Ma and may be a response to the Late Yanshanian tectonic−magmatic events in South China Block. The concordant ages of (418.79±1.57) Ma and (2506±14 )Ma document the events of Silurian arc−crust collision of the Yangtze plate and the Cathaysia island arc, and Archaean crustal accretion, respectively, indicating the crystal basement material source. The mica−plagioclase lamprophyre belongs to a high−K calcium−alkaline series with an enriched light rare−earth element (LREE) and depleted heavy rare−earth element (HREE), with Eu negative anomalies and Ce positive anomalies. The rock also has large ionic lithophile and high−field strength elements depleted and high compatible element content. Whole−rock εNd(t) values ranging from −8.28 to −7.61 suggest crust−mantle mixing. Our findings suggest that the mica−plagioclase lamprophyre was formed by mantle magma in the source area with residual hornblende, ilmenite, and/or rutile. It underwent fractional crystallization dominant of plagioclase, was mixed by crust, and finally intruded in near−EW faulting tectonics. Comparison of the Au and Sb contents of dikes in central Hunan, ore−bearing formation, and crust, implies that the dikes and antimony may have deep homology. These findings suggest that the Tianming deposit has antimony mineralization potential. Overall, the study highlights the complex geological processes that lead to the formation of mineral deposits. By using a multidisciplinary approach, it is able to unravel the complex history of the mica−plagioclase lamprophyre and its association with mineralization. These findings can provide valuable insights for future exploration activities in the region.
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图 1 大地构造位置图（a）（Chen et al.，1998）及雪峰弧形构造带地质简图（b）（权正钰等，1997）
Figure 1.
图 6 湖南天明金矿区云斜煌斑岩原始地幔标准化微量元素标准化蛛网图（a）及球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分模式图（b）（标准化数据来自Sun et al.，1989）
Figure 6.
图 7 湖南天明金矿区云斜煌斑岩（La/Yb）N–δEu（a）及La/Sm–La二元图解（b）（Davidson et al.，2007）
Figure 7.
图 8 湖南天明金矿区云斜煌斑岩εNd（t）–年龄（Ma）判别图解（Zindler et al.，1986）
Figure 8.
表 1 湖南天明金矿区云斜煌斑岩锆石U−Pb同位素数据表
Table 1. Zircon U−Pb isotopic datas of the mica−plogioclase lamprophyre in Tianming gold deposit, Hunan
编号 质量分数（10−6） Th/U 同位素比值 年龄 （Ma） 谐和 Pb Th U 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ TM21 1 106 533 404 1.32 0.1800 0.0052 3.7899 0.1342 0.1489 0.0013 2654 47 1591 28 895 7 43% 2 193 2244 3797 0.59 0.3190 0.0057 1.0642 0.0153 0.0242 0.0003 3565 28 736 8 154 2 −31% 3 8 274 214 1.28 0.0499 0.0030 0.1759 0.0086 0.0257 0.0006 191 143 165 7 163 4 99% 4 41 2406 1353 1.78 0.0488 0.0011 0.1314 0.0031 0.0195 0.0002 139 54 125 3 124 2 99% 5 103 28 274 0.10 0.1127 0.0022 5.2517 0.1000 0.3370 0.0050 1843 37 1861 16 1872 24 99% 6 18 981 780 1.26 0.0485 0.0015 0.1084 0.0033 0.0162 0.0002 120 69 104 3 104 1 99% 7 88 581 1035 0.56 0.0560 0.0007 0.5449 0.0064 0.0704 0.0006 454 23 442 4 439 3 99% 8 9 241 277 0.87 0.1029 0.0026 0.3063 0.0078 0.0215 0.0003 1677 45 271 6 137 2 34% 9 250 242 468 0.52 0.1423 0.0015 8.3904 0.0960 0.4265 0.0042 2255 17 2274 10 2290 19 99% 10 80 795 875 0.91 0.0993 0.0031 0.8707 0.0272 0.0633 0.0005 1613 62 636 15 395 3 53% 11 92 91 421 0.22 0.1856 0.0041 3.6580 0.0866 0.1420 0.0013 2706 3 1562 19 856 7 41% 12 88 122 123 0.99 0.1780 0.0039 12.2904 0.2084 0.4985 0.0064 2635 37 2627 16 2607 27 99% 13 47 150 220 0.68 0.0744 0.0013 1.7906 0.0262 0.1741 0.0016 1052 35 1042 10 1035 9 99% 14 234 65 882 0.07 0.1225 0.0015 3.9590 0.0637 0.2337 0.0038 1994 23 1626 13 1354 20 81% 15 20 391 385 1.02 0.0509 0.0015 0.2724 0.0076 0.0387 0.0005 239 69 245 6 245 3 99% 16 104 390 769 0.51 0.2121 0.0069 2.2918 0.0916 0.0774 0.0009 2922 53 1210 28 481 5 13% 17 12 273 261 1.05 0.0500 0.0021 0.2327 0.0094 0.0337 0.0005 198 101 212 8 213 3 99% 18 28 297 515 0.58 0.0894 0.0018 0.5082 0.0100 0.0410 0.0004 1413 37 417 7 259 2 53% 19 22 1 0 23.02 0.8456 0.0181 7994.8204 817.3634 70.2138 7.1622 – – 9125 104 27498 649 −1% 20 92 1750 1740 1.01 0.0704 0.0011 0.3662 0.0059 0.0378 0.0005 943 31 317 4 239 3 72% 21 43 1319 727 1.81 0.0986 0.0036 0.4829 0.0210 0.0347 0.0003 1598 68 400 14 220 2 41% 22 59 176 106 1.67 0.1251 0.0019 6.3110 0.0902 0.3639 0.0030 2031 26 2020 13 2001 14 99% 23 294 126 541 0.23 0.1563 0.0017 9.8478 0.1103 0.4542 0.0042 2417 19 2421 10 2414 19 99% 24 77 296 1737 0.17 0.0696 0.0013 0.3756 0.0066 0.0389 0.0003 917 38 324 5 246 2 72% 25 38 92 158 0.58 0.0796 0.0016 2.1954 0.0450 0.1993 0.0024 1187 41 1180 14 1172 13 99% 26 195 130 334 0.39 0.1657 0.0024 10.8713 0.1651 0.4736 0.0060 2515 24 2512 14 2499 26 99% 27 237 56 421 0.13 0.1640 0.0016 10.7716 0.1076 0.4740 0.0037 2498 16 2504 9 2501 16 99% 28 100 66 169 0.39 0.1629 0.0019 10.7176 0.1190 0.4760 0.0050 2487 19 2499 10 2510 22 99% 29 109 160 164 0.98 0.1588 0.0019 10.4792 0.1097 0.4762 0.0042 2444 16 2478 10 2511 18 98% 30 64 95 96 0.99 0.1616 0.0020 10.6353 0.1282 0.4754 0.0041 2473 21 2492 11 2507 18 99% 31 202 259 315 0.82 0.1593 0.0021 10.4939 0.1208 0.4759 0.0044 2448 22 2479 11 2509 19 98% 32 5 55 81 0.69 0.0530 0.0039 0.3625 0.0248 0.0502 0.0012 328 165 314 18 316 8 99% 33 82 87 132 0.66 0.1647 0.0020 10.8166 0.1372 0.4745 0.0046 2506 20 2507 12 2503 20 99% 34 67 448 441 1.02 0.0614 0.0007 0.9597 0.0139 0.1126 0.0011 654 26 683 7 688 6 99% 35 57 130 220 0.59 0.1311 0.0028 3.2645 0.1028 0.1762 0.0028 2113 37 1473 24 1046 15 66% 36 4 59 60 0.98 0.0925 0.0048 0.5158 0.0259 0.0409 0.0008 1480 98 422 17 259 5 51% 
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续表1 编号 质量分数（10-6） Th/U 同位素比值 年龄 （Ma） 谐和 Pb Th U 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ 37 4 48 63 0.76 0.0523 0.0045 0.3246 0.0271 0.0453 0.0011 298 196 285 21 286 7 99% 38 3 41 47 0.88 0.0900 0.0052 0.5158 0.0298 0.0419 0.0008 1426 105 422 20 264 5 54% 39 2 58 65 0.88 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0207 0.0043 – – – – 132 27 – 40 3 37 38 0.97 0.1566 0.0100 1.1008 0.0553 0.0523 0.0015 2419 109 754 27 329 9 21% 41 3 46 56 0.82 0.0409 0.0081 0.2857 0.0617 0.0408 0.0008 – – 255 49 258 5 99% 42 15 147 180 0.82 0.0751 0.0030 0.6367 0.0247 0.0614 0.0005 1072 80 500 15 384 3 73% 43 4 56 63 0.88 0.0541 0.0025 0.3209 0.0134 0.0440 0.0007 376 73 283 10 277 4 98% 44 4 55 64 0.86 0.0552 0.0058 0.3235 0.0315 0.0433 0.0021 420 235 285 24 273 13 95% 45 207 179 367 0.49 0.1489 0.0015 8.9746 0.1285 0.4357 0.0048 2333 17 2335 13 2332 22 99% 46 23 460 500 0.92 0.0509 0.0010 0.2433 0.0054 0.0346 0.0004 239 44 221 4 219 3 99% 47 51 313 633 0.49 0.0568 0.0012 0.5228 0.0130 0.0664 0.0009 483 44 427 9 414 5 97% 48 29 287 303 0.95 0.0900 0.0029 0.8106 0.0277 0.0650 0.0008 1428 61 603 16 406 5 60% 49 42 137 473 0.29 0.1089 0.0025 0.9740 0.0229 0.0645 0.0005 1781 41 691 12 403 3 47% 50 37 108 512 0.21 0.0535 0.0010 0.5045 0.0151 0.0680 0.0016 350 43 415 10 424 9 97% 51 51 311 592 0.53 0.0696 0.0012 0.6536 0.0118 0.0680 0.0011 917 37 511 7 424 6 81% 52 41 174 512 0.34 0.0612 0.0011 0.5675 0.0101 0.0670 0.0007 656 39 456 7 418 4 91% 53 72 684 746 0.92 0.0735 0.0012 0.7183 0.0197 0.0700 0.0012 1028 33 550 12 436 7 76% 54 34 270 398 0.68 0.0557 0.0008 0.5147 0.0074 0.0668 0.0005 439 31 422 5 417 3 98% 55 82 459 1023 0.45 0.0550 0.0008 0.5114 0.0094 0.0671 0.0008 409 33 419 6 419 5 99% 56 28 119 354 0.34 0.0551 0.0009 0.5155 0.0085 0.0676 0.0006 417 32 422 6 421 4 99% 57 33 305 349 0.87 0.0558 0.0009 0.5210 0.0085 0.0674 0.0006 443 35 426 6 420 4 98% 58 92 413 1187 0.35 0.0557 0.0007 0.5309 0.0080 0.0689 0.0008 443 32 432 5 429 5 99%
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表 2 湖南天明金矿区云斜煌斑岩全岩地球化学数据表
Table 2. Whole−rock geochemical data of the mica−plogioclase lamprophyre in Tianming gold deposit, Hunan
样品号 TM2102 TM2103 TM2104 TM2105 TM2106 TM2107 TM2108 TM2109 SiO2 43.31 43.27 46.31 46.23 47.67 47.65 44.05 44.11 主量元素 TiO2 0.84 0.81 0.84 0.84 0.84 0.87 0.72 0.74 Al2O3 12.76 12.74 11.9 11.89 11.58 11.59 10.88 10.9 Fe2O3 0.27 0.28 0.32 0.28 0.56 0.54 0.62 0.54 FeO 6.59 6.51 5.83 5.86 5.43 5.37 5.78 5.81 MnO 0.12 0.12 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.13 0.13 MgO 7.4 7.38 7.03 7.05 7.1 7.1 7.55 7.53 CaO 6.64 6.64 6.8 6.8 6.26 6.27 7.91 7.91 Na2O 1.03 1.03 0.84 0.83 2.04 2.12 0.98 0.97 K2O 1.09 1.1 1.01 0.99 0.79 0.8 1.35 1.35 P2O5 0.4 0.41 0.39 0.38 0.39 0.39 0.4 0.4 LOI 18.92 18.94 17.98 18.08 16.62 16.59 18.99 18.98 Total 99.37 99.23 99.36 99.34 99.39 99.4 99.36 99.37 微量元素 Cr 354 354 532 524 711 701 618 640 Co 32.7 33.7 31.8 31.1 33.8 33.3 34.4 34.8 Ni 130 133 129 129 194 196 163 163 V 151 153 152 147 135 132 145 147 Rb 57.3 62.5 105.2 92.7 118.5 124.3 86.5 96.2 Sr 645 660 746 753 890 865 722 734 Ba 227 234 501 507 395 390 3030 3070 Nb 8.08 8 7.92 7.84 7.06 6.94 6.67 6.95 Ta 0.59 0.58 0.56 0.55 0.52 0.49 0.52 0.48 Zr 224 228 206 209 199 197 190 195 Hf 6.35 6.39 5.9 5.96 5.85 5.76 5.5 5.64 U 5.75 5.87 5.4 5.39 4.85 4.78 5.11 5.13 Th 58 59.2 52.4 52.7 51.4 50.5 49.7 50.2 La 132 134 116 119 118 115 112 113 Ce 328 328 287 289 289 281 279 283 Pr 29.6 30.1 25.8 26.5 26.4 25.6 25.7 26.1 Nd 102 104 89.7 91.4 92 90.5 89.9 90.8 Sm 13.4 13.5 11.7 12 11.9 11.5 11.6 11.7 Eu 2.42 2.46 2.24 2.25 2.16 2.1 3.12 3.06 Gd 11.1 11.1 10.1 10.1 9.99 9.66 11.2 11.1 Tb 1.16 1.17 1.04 1.03 1.02 1.01 1.01 1.02 Dy 4.57 4.71 4.29 4.26 4.09 3.99 3.99 4.07 Ho 0.8 0.81 0.74 0.75 0.73 0.69 0.69 0.69 Er 2.36 2.42 2.2 2.2 2.11 2.08 2.1 2.11 Tm 0.31 0.3 0.27 0.28 0.28 0.27 0.26 0.27 Yb 1.93 1.96 1.78 1.79 1.79 1.69 1.69 1.7 Lu 0.28 0.28 0.26 0.26 0.25 0.25 0.24 0.24 Y 21 21.6 19.3 19.5 18.6 18.5 18.3 18.5 F 724 759 872 904 1210 1150 948 928 Ag 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.03 Sb 40.1 40.9 46.3 45.3 10.4 10.3 24.2 25.2 Cu 48.7 48.2 51.1 49.1 52.6 52.2 41.1 42.5 Pb 19.3 19.1 19.7 19.9 23.5 22.9 19.6 20.2 Zn 71 72.7 70 72.4 60.6 59.8 69.4 70.7 W 6.1 6.24 5.9 5.98 3.37 3.37 9.35 9.22 Sn 2.56 2.51 2.21 2.3 2.36 2.13 2.37 2.11 Mo 0.17 0.13 0.4 0.52 0.54 0.46 0.54 0.53 Bi 0.17 0.15 0.18 0.17 0.3 0.3 0.14 0.14 Au(10−9) 1.7 1.21 1.17 1.35 1.04 1.26 2.02 1.75 注：主量元素含量为%；微量元素含量为10−6；LOI=烧失量；ΣREE=稀土元素总量（不含Y）；ΣLREE=轻稀土元素（La～Eu）总和；ΣHREE=重稀土元素（Gd～Lu）总和，下标N表示球粒陨石标准化；δEu= 
；Mg#=Mg2+/（Mg2++Fe2+）×100；SiO2归一化=SiO2/（Tot-LOI）×100。
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表 3 湖南天明金矿区云斜煌斑岩Sr–Nd同位素组成表
Table 3. Nb–Sr isotopic compositions of the mica–plogioclase lamprophyre in Tianming gold mining zone, Hunan
样品 87Rb/86Sr 87Sr/86Sr ±σ ISr 147Sm/144Nd 143Nd/144Nd INd ±σ εNd（t） TDM（Ga） TM2102 0.2572 0.738758 9 0.73838 0.0794 0.512158 0.512104 3 −7.81 1.13 TM2104 0.4083 0.740174 5 0.73957 0.0789 0.512168 0.512114 9 −7.61 1.11 TM2106 0.3855 0.731196 3 0.73063 0.0782 0.512151 0.512098 4 −7.93 1.12 TM2108 0.3469 0.737261 7 0.73675 0.078 0.512133 0.51208 7 −8.28 1.14 TM2109 0.3795 0.737287 7 0.73673 0.0779 0.512162 0.512109 3 −7.71 1.11 注：表中以t=104 Ma使用Geokit软件计算（路远发，2004），参数含义、计算方法及公式详见路远发等（2021）。
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