基于AHP和GIS的舟曲地质灾害易发性评价

贾丽娜, 陈世昌. 2024. 基于AHP和GIS的舟曲地质灾害易发性评价. 西北地质, 57(1): 23-33. doi: 10.12401/j.nwg.2023094
引用本文: 贾丽娜, 陈世昌. 2024. 基于AHP和GIS的舟曲地质灾害易发性评价. 西北地质, 57(1): 23-33. doi: 10.12401/j.nwg.2023094
JIA Lina, CHEN Shichang. 2024. Geological Hazard Susceptibility Evaluation Based on AHP and GIS in Zhouqu County, Gansu. Northwestern Geology, 57(1): 23-33. doi: 10.12401/j.nwg.2023094
Citation: JIA Lina, CHEN Shichang. 2024. Geological Hazard Susceptibility Evaluation Based on AHP and GIS in Zhouqu County, Gansu. Northwestern Geology, 57(1): 23-33. doi: 10.12401/j.nwg.2023094

基于AHP和GIS的舟曲地质灾害易发性评价

  • 基金项目: 甘肃省自然资源厅风险调查和重点隐患排查项目“甘南州舟曲县1:5万地质灾害风险调查”(甘资财发[2020]16号) 资助
详细信息
    作者简介: 贾丽娜(1990–),女,工程师,硕士研究生,主要从事水工环地质方面工作。E–mail:448158813@qq.com
  • 中图分类号: P694

Geological Hazard Susceptibility Evaluation Based on AHP and GIS in Zhouqu County, Gansu

  • 舟曲县是中国罕见的滑坡、泥石流地质灾害高发区,其防灾减灾工作具有一定的挑战性。依托舟曲县1∶50 000地质灾害风险调查工作,深入分析孕灾地质条件,选取地质灾害频率比、地质灾害面积模数比、地质灾害体积模数比、坡度、坡度变化率、坡形、切割深度、沟壑密度、岩土体类型、地质构造、植被指数11个评价因子,建立AHP评价模型,确定各因子权重,运用GIS平台综合评价舟曲县地质灾害易发性。结果显示:舟曲县地质灾害极高易发区和高易发区的面积分别为68.98 km2、390.9 km2,分别占县域总面积的2.29%和12.97%,主要分布在人员财产集中的白龙江流域、石门沟流域、拱坝河流域中下游和博峪河流域舟曲段中部区域;中易发区、低易发区对应的面积分别为1166.21 km2和1387.76 km2。研究成果为舟曲县城镇整体规划和地质灾害防治提供决策参考。

  • 加载中
  • 图 1  舟曲县孕灾地质条件图

    Figure 1. 

    图 2  舟曲县地质灾害分布图

    Figure 2. 

    图 3  地质灾害易发性评价指标体系

    Figure 3. 

    图 4  地质灾害发育因子归一化图

    Figure 4. 

    图 5  地质灾害孕灾因子归一化图

    Figure 5. 

    图 6  舟曲县地质灾害易发性分区图

    Figure 6. 

    表 1  崩塌、滑坡对应坡形统计表

    Table 1.  Slope shape statistics corresponding to collapse and landslide

    序号坡面形态灾体数量
    (个)
    所占比例
    (%)
    灾害类型
    滑坡崩塌
    1凸形4023.3355
    2凹形5431.4540
    3直线形5330.82627
    4阶梯型2514.5250
    合计172100.014032
    下载: 导出CSV

    表 2  不同坡度区间崩塌滑坡发生概率统计表

    Table 2.  Statistics of collapse and landslide occurrence in different slope gradient intervals

    序号坡度区
    间(°)
    灾害总数灾害类型
    滑坡崩塌
    数量(个)比率(%)数量(个)比率(%)数量(个)比率(%)
    10~1000.000.000.0
    211~202615.12618.600.0
    321~304224.44230.000.0
    431~404526.24330.726.3
    541~502715.71913.6825.0
    651~60137.6107.139.4
    761~7074.100.0721.9
    871~8074.100.0721.9
    981~9052.900.0515.6
    合 计17210014010032100
    下载: 导出CSV

    表 3  不同坡高区间崩塌滑坡发生概率统计表

    Table 3.  Statistics of collapse and landslide occurrence in different slope height intervals

    序号坡高区间
    (m)
    数量(个)
    比率(%)
    灾害类型
    滑坡崩塌
    数量(个)比率(%)数量(个)比率(%)
    10~502916.91812.91134.4
    251~1003118.02316.4825.0
    3101~2004123.83525.0618.8
    4201~3001911.01611.439.4
    5301~4002313.42115.026.3
    6401~50095.296.400.0
    7501~60084.785.700.0
    8601~70063.553.613.1
    9>70063.553.613.1
    合 计172100.0140100.032100.0
    下载: 导出CSV

    表 4  泥石流主沟纵坡统计表

    Table 4.  Statistics of longitudinal slope of main gully of debris flow

    序号主沟纵坡(‰)泥石流数量(条)比例泥石流类型易发程度
    (%)泥石流水石流高易发中易发低易发
    1<1001310.51300103
    2100~2003729.83700370
    3200~3002923.42900272
    4300~4001612.91601132
    5400~500129.7201101
    6500~600118.9101092
    7600~70043.231013
    8700~80010.810001
    9>80010.810001
    合计124100.01122210715
    下载: 导出CSV

    表 5  泥石流山坡坡度统计表

    Table 5.  Statistics of debris flow in different slope ranges

    序号坡度区间(°)泥石流数量(条)所占比例泥石流类型易发程度
    (%)泥石流水石流高易发中易发低易发
    1<2521.620020
    226~354637.14511441
    336~455443.55401467
    446~551512.1141 114
    5>5575.670043
    总计1241001222210715
    下载: 导出CSV

    表 6  泥石流流域面积统计表

    Table 6.  Statistics of debris flow in different watershed areas

    序号流域面积
    (km2
    泥石流数量
    (条)
    比例
    (%)
    泥石流类型易发程度
    泥石流水石流高易发中易发低易发
    1<14032.33821318
    21~53729.83700343
    35~101310.51301111
    410~2097.390081
    520~501612.91600142
    650~10086.580080
    7>10010.810010
    合计1241001222210715
    下载: 导出CSV

    表 7  泥石流相对高差统计表

    Table 7.  Statistics of debris flow in different relative elevation ranges

    序号相对高差
    (m)
    泥石流数量
    (条)
    比例
    (%)
    泥石流类型易发程度
    泥石流水石流高易发中易发低易发
    1<20043.240040
    2200~5001713.71610152
    3500~10004233.94111338
    41000~15003125.03101273
    51500~20002116.92100201
    6>200097.390081
    合计1241001222210715
    下载: 导出CSV

    表 8  数据来源一览表

    Table 8.  List of data sources

    基础数据数据来源数据格式说明
    地质数据1∶50 000孕灾地质条件图SHP提取地质构造、岩土体类型等
    DEM数据地理空间数据云TIFF30 m×30 m分辨率,用于提取地形地貌相关数据
    遥感数据ETM+TIFF2019年4月数据,用于计算NDVI
    隐患点数据舟曲县1:50 000地质灾害风险调查评价成果SHP用于构建发育因子指标
    下载: 导出CSV

    表 9  孕灾地质条件因子量化一览表

    Table 9.  Quantitative list of disaster-pregnant geological conditions

    序号分类孕灾因子数据源指标量化过程(意义)
    1 地形地貌数据 坡度 DEM
    (30 m×
    30 m)
    DEM数据提取。研究区内崩滑灾害所在斜坡坡度区间为10°~70°,本次评价将坡度上限的易发程度定义为1,坡度下限的易发程度定义为0,进行归一化处理。
    2 坡度变化率 DEM数据提取。反映坡度变化情况,与斜坡拉张应力区的分布呈正相关,其变化越大,说明斜坡内部应力也随之变大,稳定性差。
    3 坡形 DEM数据提取。可用地表曲率表征,以零为界,大于或等于零表明是直线/凸型斜坡,小于零表明是凹型/阶梯型坡斜坡。
    4 切割深度 DEM数据提取。可用高程差表示,即平均值与最小值之差,表明区域地形地貌的起伏度以及沟谷的发育程度。
    5 沟壑密度 DEM数据提取。衡量地表破碎程度,可用流域内水文网的长度表征。
    6 岩土类型数据 岩土体类型 1:50000孕灾地质条件图 岩土体类型的矢量数据。根据岩土体的工程地质特性,易发性由高到低分别赋予4~1,最后栅格化并归一。
    7 构造数据 地质构造 利用断层矢量数据。以区内第四纪以来发育的活动断裂为基准线,利用线密度分析工具,以3km为搜索半径进行分析。
    8 环境变量数据 植被覆盖率 ETM+ 利用2019年4月ETM+遥感数据,计算求取植被指数NDVI。
    下载: 导出CSV

    表 10  地质灾害易发性统计表

    Table 10.  Statistics of geohazards susceptibility

    易发等级指数区间面积(km2总面积占比(%)区内灾害点数量(个)频率比
    低易发区0.0599~0.29151387.7646.05170.123
    中易发区0.2915~0.41991166.2138.70620.535
    高易发区0.4199~0.6993390.912.971493.842
    极高易发区0.6993~0.701968.972.297110.369
    下载: 导出CSV
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出版历程
收稿日期:  2022-09-11
修回日期:  2023-04-20
录用日期:  2023-05-16
刊出日期:  2024-02-20

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