中亚造山带南缘晚石炭世—早二叠世碳酸盐岩台地的建立和消亡

牛亚卓; 史冀忠; 赵国春; 牛文超; 陈高潮; 宋博

doi:10.12401/j.nwg.2024075

中亚造山带南缘晚石炭世—早二叠世碳酸盐岩台地的建立和消亡

1.
中国地质调查局西安地质调查中心/西北地质科技创新中心，陕西西安　710119

2.
西北大学，大陆动力学国家重点实验室，陕西西安　710069

3.
中国地质调查局天津地质调查中心，天津　300170

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金面上项目“中亚造山带北山北部石炭系火山–沉积层序及其对古地理重建的时空制约”（42072132），中国地质调查局项目“氦气资源调查评价与示范”（DD20221665）联合资助。

详细信息

作者简介: 牛亚卓（1987−），副研究员，从事造山带地层学、沉积大地构造学、古地理重建工作。E−mail：nyazhuo@cgs.gov.cn

中图分类号: P618.13

收稿日期: 2024-07-01

修回日期: 2024-08-09

录用日期: 2024-08-09

刊出日期: 2024-12-20

Formation and Demise of Late Carboniferous to Early Permian Carbonate Platforms on the Southern Margin of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt

1.
Xi’an Center of China Geological Survey/Northwest China Center of Geoscience Innovation, Xi’an 710119, Shaanxi, China

2.
State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, Shaanxi, China

3.
Tianjin Center of China Geological Survey, Tianjin 300170, China

Received Date: 01 July 2024

Revised Date: 09 August 2024

Accepted Date: 09 August 2024

Publish Date: 20 December 2024

摘要

摘要:
碳酸盐岩台地具有重要的古海洋环境指示意义。中亚造山带南缘在晚石炭世—早二叠世出现大规模分布的碳酸盐岩地层，但这些岩石地层单元缺少精确时代约束和系统对比研究，因而制约了进一步古地理和古环境意义的讨论。此次研究报道了阿拉善地块北缘“阿木山组”实测剖面的地层层序，提供了火山岩夹层的锆石U-Pb同位素年龄，精确约束了碳酸盐岩台地的时代和分布。研究表明：研究区恩格尔乌苏断裂带以北的“阿木山组”应修订为“格根敖包组”，以碎屑岩为主，时代为晚石炭世卡西莫夫期—早二叠世阿瑟尔期（＜296.1 Ma）。该断裂带以南的阿木山组的碳酸盐岩台地以连续出露、富含䗴类化石的灰岩为标志，时代为晚石炭世格舍尔期—早二叠世阿瑟尔期（303.2～295.3 Ma）。笔者根据研究区与甘肃北山、内蒙古中部等地区的高精度地层对比提出，中亚造山带南缘的碳酸盐岩台地是全球晚石炭世海侵和古亚洲洋南缘亚热带气候的产物，早—中二叠世的裂谷作用是这些碳酸盐台地消亡的主要原因。
- 阿拉善地块 /
- 古海洋 /
- 碳酸盐岩台地 /
- 同位素年代学 /
- 晚石炭世—早二叠世
Abstract:
Carbonate platforms have significant implications for the ancient marine environment. During the Late Carboniferous to Early Permian, continuous deposited carbonate strata were widely distributed on the southern margin of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. However, these rock units lack precise age constraints and systematic correlation, thus limiting further discussions on their paleogeographic and paleoenvironmental significance. This study reports the stratigraphic sequence of the "Amushan Formation" measured sections on the northern margin of the Alxa Block and provides zircon U-Pb isotope ages from volcanic intercalations, precisely constraining the age and distribution of the carbonate platforms. The results indicate that the "Amushan Formation" north of the Engerwusu Fault Zone should be revised to the "Gegenaobao Formation," which is dominated by clastic rocks and dates to the Kasimovian to Asselian (＜296.1 Ma). South of the fault zone, the carbonate platform of the Amushan Formation is characterized by continuously deposited and fusulinid-rich limestone with ages from the Gzhelian to Asselian (303.2～295.3 Ma). Based on high-resolution stratigraphic correlations with areas such as Beishan in Gansu and central Inner Mongolia, this study proposes that the carbonate platforms at the southern margin of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt were a product of global Late Carboniferous transgression and the subtropical climate of the southern margin of the Paleo-Asian Ocean. The rifting during the Early to Middle Permian was the primary reason for the demise of these carbonate platforms.
- Alxa Block /
- carbonate platform /
- isotopic chronology /
- Late Carboniferous–Early Permian /
- paleo-ocean

HTML全文

图 1 中亚造山带构造位置图（a）、研究区上石炭统—下二叠统代表剖面分布图（b）及阿拉善地块北缘地质简图（c）（据Niu, et al., 2021，郑和荣等，2010和卢进才等，2012修编）

Figure 1.

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图 2 阿拉善地块北缘上石炭统—下二叠统实测剖面综合柱状图（剖面位置参见图1c）

Figure 2.

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图 3 阿拉善地块北缘上石炭统—下二叠统剖面火山岩同位素样品岩石薄片照片（样品层位参见图2）

Figure 3.

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图 4 阿拉善地块北缘上石炭统—下二叠统剖面野外照片（照片层位参见图2）

Figure 4.

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图 5 阿拉善地块北缘火山岩部分锆石阴极发光图像及LA-ICP-MS测点位置

Figure 5.

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图 6 阿拉善地块北缘火山岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素年龄谐和图和加权平均图

Figure 6.

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图 7 中亚造山带南缘上石炭统—下二叠统对比图及碳酸盐岩台地分布图（剖面位置参见图1c，岩性花纹参见图2）

Figure 7.

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表 1 中亚造山带南缘晚石炭世—早二叠世火山岩夹层LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄数据统计表

Table 1. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb age of Late Carboniferan-Early Permian volcanic intercalations in the southern margin of the Central Asian orogenic belt

测点编号	含量 (10^–6)			²³²Th/²³⁸U	同位素比值						同位素年龄 (Ma)						谐和度
测点编号	²⁰⁶Pb	²³²Th	²³⁸U	²³²Th/²³⁸U	²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb	1σ	²⁰⁷Pb/²³⁵U	1σ	²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U	1σ	²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb	1σ	²⁰⁷Pb/²³⁵U	1σ	²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U	1σ	谐和度
11ZSL-TW1 英安岩珠斯棱剖面
−01	51.0	213.6	266.9	0.80	0.0514	0.0061	0.3127	0.0356	0.0441	0.0014	258	199	276	28	278	8	99
−02	113.0	90.0	122.8	0.73	0.0864	0.0075	2.7734	0.2265	0.2327	0.0077	1347	107	1348	61	1349	40	100
−03	38.0	124.6	199.9	0.62	0.0525	0.0088	0.3344	0.0540	0.0462	0.0019	309	283	293	41	291	12	101
−04	147.9	716.9	795.4	0.90	0.0534	0.0049	0.3480	0.0301	0.0472	0.0012	348	149	303	23	297	8	102
−05	116.4	335.0	593.1	0.56	0.0557	0.0070	0.3358	0.0410	0.0438	0.0013	439	286	294	31	276	8	107
−06	37.4	175.4	233.3	0.75	0.0529	0.0189	0.3411	0.1193	0.0468	0.0039	325	504	298	90	295	24	101
−07	59.8	188.5	292.7	0.64	0.0476	0.0096	0.2982	0.0589	0.0454	0.0017	82	354	265	46	286	11	93
−08	33.3	124.4	176.9	0.70	0.0585	0.0098	0.3570	0.0578	0.0443	0.0019	547	281	310	43	279	12	111
−09	177.3	73.2	283.7	0.26	0.0693	0.0028	1.4321	0.0439	0.1499	0.0027	908	34	902	18	900	15	100
−10	59.3	187.2	314.9	0.59	0.0583	0.0087	0.3520	0.0505	0.0438	0.0017	541	248	306	38	276	11	111
−11	66.2	211.8	359.7	0.59	0.0505	0.0078	0.3275	0.0489	0.0471	0.0018	218	261	288	37	296	11	97
−12	40.3	167.1	200.1	0.84	0.0502	0.0095	0.3099	0.0566	0.0448	0.0021	205	293	274	44	282	13	97
−13	246.1	82.3	214.3	0.38	0.1061	0.0048	4.4894	0.1655	0.3071	0.0066	1733	37	1729	31	1726	32	100
−14	47.1	108.7	244.8	0.44	0.0533	0.0070	0.3440	0.0433	0.0468	0.0016	341	219	300	33	295	10	102
−15	65.5	251.4	354.6	0.71	0.0536	0.0058	0.3305	0.0342	0.0447	0.0013	356	179	290	26	282	8	103
−16	42.0	136.3	224.5	0.61	0.0520	0.0053	0.3153	0.0305	0.0440	0.0012	287	167	278	24	277	8	100
−17	96.7	311.9	532.9	0.59	0.0526	0.0088	0.4182	0.0675	0.0577	0.0024	310	282	355	48	362	15	98
−18	57.2	262.5	322.6	0.81	0.0511	0.0105	0.3259	0.0652	0.0463	0.0023	247	317	286	50	291	14	98
−19	66.8	293.0	376.8	0.78	0.0529	0.0047	0.3086	0.0258	0.0423	0.0011	324	144	273	20	267	7	102
−20	64.5	97.8	237.4	0.41	0.0550	0.0081	0.4993	0.0707	0.0659	0.0026	411	245	411	48	412	16	100
19264-TW1 玄武岩 264界碑剖面
−01	323.3	10.0	1330.1	0.01	0.0536	0.0012	0.3799	0.0078	0.0514	0.0004	355	50	327	6	323	2	101
−02	67.3	308.6	278.2	1.11	0.0572	0.0037	0.3691	0.0235	0.0468	0.0006	498	147	319	17	295	4	108
−03	90.1	194.9	302.5	0.64	0.0606	0.0024	0.5691	0.0215	0.0681	0.0006	624	86	457	14	425	4	108
−04	53.5	125.9	206.8	0.61	0.0543	0.0018	0.4825	0.0148	0.0645	0.0006	384	52	400	10	403	4	99
−05	50.9	149.1	260.3	0.57	0.0561	0.0026	0.3703	0.0167	0.0480	0.0006	455	78	320	12	302	4	106
−06	140.9	244.3	509.0	0.48	0.0549	0.0009	0.5107	0.0073	0.0676	0.0004	407	21	419	5	421	3	100
−07	32.4	137.5	182.3	0.75	0.0496	0.0037	0.3197	0.0231	0.0468	0.0008	174	131	282	18	295	5	96
−08	43.2	94.6	204.0	0.46	0.0567	0.0029	0.3677	0.0183	0.0470	0.0005	480	116	318	14	296	3	107
−09	159.8	49.9	665.6	0.07	0.0527	0.0011	0.4299	0.0083	0.0592	0.0004	316	31	363	6	371	3	98
−10	49.8	193.7	251.2	0.77	0.0809	0.0022	0.5370	0.0138	0.0482	0.0005	1218	36	436	9	304	3	143
−11	265.9	353.9	1078.8	0.33	0.0545	0.0010	0.4766	0.0077	0.0635	0.0004	392	24	396	5	397	3	100
−12	10.8	27.9	48.5	0.58	0.0527	0.0047	0.4207	0.0368	0.0579	0.0012	316	161	357	26	363	7	98
−13	116.7	568.8	369.7	1.54	0.0557	0.0015	0.5666	0.0141	0.0738	0.0006	441	41	456	9	459	4	99
−14	79.2	143.9	387.7	0.37	0.0775	0.0027	0.5089	0.0165	0.0476	0.0005	1135	47	418	11	300	3	139
−15	139.4	193.3	516.1	0.37	0.0558	0.0017	0.5142	0.0150	0.0669	0.0005	443	69	421	10	417	3	101
−16	80.6	222.9	357.4	0.62	0.0612	0.0020	0.4227	0.0129	0.0501	0.0005	647	49	358	9	315	3	114
−17	9.3	20.3	50.5	0.40	0.0472	0.0054	0.3097	0.0345	0.0476	0.0012	60	198	274	27	300	7	91
−18	30.3	115.1	130.3	0.88	0.0596	0.0079	0.4223	0.0556	0.0514	0.0009	589	301	358	40	323	6	111
−19	46.5	172.4	248.8	0.69	0.0561	0.0037	0.3599	0.0232	0.0466	0.0005	455	149	312	17	293	3	106
−20	33.2	53.7	101.2	0.53	0.0600	0.0028	0.6652	0.0294	0.0805	0.0010	603	74	518	18	499	6	104
19CGE-TW1 玄武岩查古尔剖面
−01	19.1	58.4	94.5	0.62	0.0546	0.0039	0.3649	0.0255	0.0485	0.0008	396	129	316	19	305	5	104
−02	55.9	164.0	268.4	0.61	0.0553	0.0019	0.3694	0.0118	0.0485	0.0005	424	55	319	9	305	3	105
−03	18.4	77.3	95.1	0.81	0.0520	0.0031	0.3444	0.0201	0.0481	0.0007	285	109	301	15	303	4	99
−04	20.6	71.5	110.9	0.64	0.0528	0.0032	0.3505	0.0207	0.0482	0.0007	318	109	305	16	303	4	101
−05	16.0	56.1	83.9	0.67	0.0522	0.0033	0.3476	0.0212	0.0483	0.0007	294	115	303	16	304	4	100
−06	25.4	82.8	132.4	0.63	0.0514	0.0026	0.3429	0.0167	0.0484	0.0006	258	90	299	13	305	4	98
−07	29.7	149.1	157.6	0.95	0.0541	0.0026	0.3567	0.0164	0.0478	0.0006	374	82	310	12	301	4	103
−08	28.7	57.0	111.8	0.51	0.0547	0.0027	0.4942	0.0233	0.0655	0.0008	401	84	408	16	409	5	100
−09	12.8	52.2	62.7	0.83	0.0543	0.0047	0.3605	0.0306	0.0482	0.0008	381	198	313	23	303	5	103
−10	19.7	65.6	106.4	0.62	0.0564	0.0030	0.3730	0.0191	0.0480	0.0006	467	90	322	14	302	4	107
−11	54.9	187.5	290.8	0.64	0.0533	0.0020	0.3524	0.0123	0.0480	0.0005	341	61	307	9	302	3	102
−12	24.6	130.8	135.1	0.97	0.0493	0.0027	0.3249	0.0174	0.0478	0.0006	162	98	286	13	301	4	95
−13	22.1	63.0	95.2	0.66	0.0499	0.0077	0.3286	0.0508	0.0478	0.0007	190	313	288	39	301	4	96
−14	33.1	140.7	177.6	0.79	0.0548	0.0024	0.3647	0.0155	0.0483	0.0006	404	75	316	12	304	3	104
−15	12.7	40.5	67.4	0.60	0.0558	0.0037	0.3722	0.0237	0.0483	0.0008	445	114	321	18	304	5	106
−16	22.1	76.6	114.0	0.67	0.0469	0.0030	0.3125	0.0195	0.0483	0.0007	44	109	276	15	304	4	91
−17	21.9	71.2	117.6	0.61	0.0555	0.0030	0.3703	0.0191	0.0484	0.0006	430	91	320	14	305	4	105
−18	20.8	66.6	114.2	0.58	0.0501	0.0022	0.3314	0.0139	0.0480	0.0005	199	77	291	11	302	3	96
−19	17.7	63.4	95.3	0.67	0.0538	0.0039	0.3579	0.0255	0.0483	0.0007	362	168	311	19	304	4	102
−20	26.0	117.3	137.5	0.85	0.0563	0.0025	0.3747	0.0161	0.0483	0.0006	465	74	323	12	304	4	106
18SD-TW1 安山岩陶来剖面
−01	7.9	22.1	35.0	0.63	0.0560	0.0074	0.3709	0.0480	0.0480	0.0015	454	234	320	36	302	9	106
−02	9.8	32.5	43.5	0.75	0.0546	0.0060	0.3617	0.0392	0.0480	0.0013	395	196	313	29	302	8	104
−03	15.6	71.4	72.7	0.98	0.0502	0.0046	0.3188	0.0285	0.0460	0.0010	203	161	281	22	290	6	97
−04	12.4	33.8	56.9	0.59	0.0544	0.0058	0.3510	0.0367	0.0468	0.0011	386	191	305	28	295	7	103
−05	10.4	42.7	47.7	0.90	0.0490	0.0056	0.3161	0.0355	0.0468	0.0012	146	205	279	27	295	7	95
−06	22.2	77.8	100.9	0.77	0.0545	0.0042	0.3559	0.0271	0.0473	0.0009	391	136	309	20	298	6	104
−07	14.5	60.4	66.1	0.91	0.0523	0.0054	0.3418	0.0343	0.0474	0.0011	299	183	299	26	298	7	100
−08	9.8	24.6	45.3	0.54	0.0595	0.0073	0.3834	0.0459	0.0467	0.0014	586	210	330	34	294	9	112
−09	15.2	44.8	70.3	0.64	0.0502	0.0052	0.3246	0.0331	0.0468	0.0011	206	185	285	25	295	7	97
−10	17.7	70.0	80.6	0.87	0.0601	0.0055	0.3956	0.0349	0.0477	0.0011	606	151	338	25	301	7	112
−11	11.6	49.3	53.6	0.92	0.0501	0.0068	0.3264	0.0435	0.0472	0.0014	201	243	287	33	297	8	97
−12	13.3	44.6	61.5	0.72	0.0573	0.0068	0.3743	0.0435	0.0473	0.0013	505	211	323	32	298	8	108
−13	14.4	38.1	68.1	0.56	0.0539	0.0059	0.3454	0.0366	0.0464	0.0012	369	192	301	28	293	7	103
−14	16.7	53.5	79.2	0.67	0.0545	0.0050	0.3466	0.0310	0.0461	0.0010	392	162	302	23	291	6	104
−15	31.9	149.0	147.9	1.01	0.0511	0.0033	0.3342	0.0212	0.0475	0.0008	244	114	293	16	299	5	98
−16	25.4	151.2	120.2	1.26	0.0519	0.0033	0.3351	0.0211	0.0469	0.0008	279	113	293	16	295	5	99
−17	31.7	175.0	157.0	1.11	0.0527	0.0033	0.3262	0.0198	0.0449	0.0008	316	107	287	15	283	5	101
−18	20.3	77.0	95.4	0.81	0.0497	0.0041	0.3237	0.0260	0.0472	0.0009	181	144	285	20	297	6	96
−19	18.8	94.7	88.2	1.07	0.0521	0.0040	0.3404	0.0256	0.0474	0.0009	288	136	297	19	299	6	99
−20	16.0	45.7	75.4	0.61	0.0545	0.0044	0.3557	0.0280	0.0473	0.0010	391	141	309	21	298	6	104

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中亚造山带南缘晚石炭世—早二叠世碳酸盐岩台地的建立和消亡

1. 中国地质调查局西安地质调查中心/西北地质科技创新中心，陕西 西安 710119 2. 西北大学，大陆动力学国家重点实验室，陕西 西安 710069 3. 中国地质调查局天津地质调查中心，天津 300170

作者简介: 牛亚卓（1987−），副研究员，从事造山带地层学、沉积大地构造学、古地理重建工作。E−mail：nyazhuo@cgs.gov.cn

Formation and Demise of Late Carboniferous to Early Permian Carbonate Platforms on the Southern Margin of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt

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出版历程

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1.
中国地质调查局西安地质调查中心/西北地质科技创新中心，陕西西安　710119

2.
西北大学，大陆动力学国家重点实验室，陕西西安　710069

3.
中国地质调查局天津地质调查中心，天津　300170