DISTRIBUTION CHARACTERISTICS OF HEAVY METALS IN THE WATER AND SUSPENDED SUBSTANCE OF NENJIANG RIVER BASIN: Environmental Implication
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摘要:
水和悬浮物是河流重金属元素迁移的主要载体.对嫩江中下游悬浮物及滤后水重金属元素分布特征进行了较系统的研究，结果表明：丰水期是嫩江流域内悬浮物迁移的主要季节，支流的汇入会影响嫩江干流悬浮物浓度，大安市生产生活对水体悬浮物浓度产生明显影响；齐齐哈尔市的生产生活对嫩江水体悬浮物重金属含量影响不大，而对水中Cr、Cu、Pb、Ni、Zn元素产生明显影响；雅鲁河是向嫩江输入重金属Cr、Ni最多的支流，年输入嫩江通量分别为1223、100.46 t；阿伦河是向嫩江输入重金属Cd、Cu、Pb最多的支流，年输入嫩江通量分别为0.08、10.93、9.96 t；嫩江向松花江年输入重金属As、Hg、Cd、Cr、Cu、Pb、Zn、Ni通量分别为113.7、0.32、0.79、438、164、152、440、224 t.
Abstract:Water and suspended substance are the main carriers for the migration of heavy metal elements in rivers. The paper systematically studies the distribution characteristics of heavy metals in suspended substance and filtered water from the middle and lower reaches of Nenjiang River. The results show that the migration of suspended substance mainly occurs in wet season, and the inflow of tributaries may affect the concentration of suspended matter in the main stream. The industrial and domestic activities in Da'an City have obvious influence on the concentration of suspended matter; while those in Qiqihar have little influence on the heavy metal contents in suspended substance, but significant influence on Cr, Cu, Pb, Ni, and Zn in water. Yalu River brings the most heavy metals Cr and Ni to Nenjiang River, with the annual flux of 1223 and 100.46 t, respectively. Arun River inputs the most heavy metals Cd, Cu and Pb, with the annual flux of 0.08, 10.93 and 9.96 t, respectively. The annual fluxes of heavy metals such as As, Hg, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn and Ni from Nenjiang River to Songhua River are 113.7, 0.32, 0.79, 438, 164, 152, 440 and 224 t, respectively.
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Key words:
- Nenjiang River /
- suspended substance in water /
- filtered water /
- heavy metal
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表 1 嫩江干流及其主要支流悬浮物含量统计
Table 1. Contents of suspended solids in the main stream and tributaries of Nenjiang River
干流 丰水期 枯水期 支流 丰水期 枯水期 富裕段 0.074 0.098 阿伦河 1.015 0.039 齐齐哈尔上游段 0.184 0.060 雅鲁河 0.064 0.049 齐齐哈尔下游段 0.158 1.612 绰尔河 0.072 0.074 泰来上游 0.101 0.037 洮儿河 0.071 0.193 泰来下游 0.137 0.070 大安上游 0.050 0.232 大安下游 0.489 0.145 平均 0.173 0.107 平均 0.305 0.089 含量单位：g/L. 
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表 2 嫩江干流及主要支流滤后水重金属元素含量
Table 2. Heavy metal contents in the filtered water of Nenjiang River and main tributaries
河流段 米样时间 As Hg Cd Cr Cu Pb Ni Zn 富裕县段 丰水期 2.40 0.060 0.076 4.79 1.55 0.68 1.38 5.36 枯水期 3.30 0.074 0.005 3.42 0.93 0.04 0.62 1.35 齐齐哈尔上游段 丰水期 2.55 0.010 0.011 13.02 1.43 0.81 1.61 7.21 枯水期 3.00 0.028 0.003 4.69 0.80 0.10 0.73 0.69 齐齐哈尔下游段 丰水期 1.50 0.011 0.010 14.18 3.53 1.31 1.90 9.78 枯水期 3.45 0.008 0.003 3.34 0.76 0.02 0.72 0.85 泰来县上游段 丰水期 3.30 0.009 0.015 47.16 1.44 1.01 10.26 7.95 枯水期 4.05 0.014 0.012 5.34 3.45 0.35 1.34 3.76 泰来县下游段 丰水期 2.70 0.010 0.009 15.05 1.51 0.92 1.83 6.59 枯水期 4.20 0.006 0.003 3.97 1.27 0.01 0.72 0.06 大安上游段 丰水期 3.90 0.011 0.010 10.22 1.54 0.70 1.44 3.74 枯水期 4.20 0.006 0.008 3.35 1.47 0.06 0.90 1.07 大安下游段 丰水期 2.40 0.014 0.007 10.00 1.47 0.69 1.38 5.32 枯水期 4.50 0.006 0.005 3.88 0.98 0.04 0.76 0.99 阿伦河段 丰水期 3.60 0.016 0.022 6.84 2.14 1.71 3.16 34.96 枯水期 4.80 0.016 0.008 3.00 1.55 0.16 0.89 0.67 雅鲁河段 丰水期 3.45 0.010 0.009 1312.30 1.16 0.93 4.86 96.88 枯水期 4.50 0.006 0.001 4.39 0.65 0.10 0.34 8.76 绰尔河 丰水期 1.95 0.008 0.012 118.69 1.61 0.82 33.32 17.82 枯水期 4.80 0.011 0.003 4.54 1.10 0.12 0.57 1.79 洮儿河 丰水期 10.05 0.009 0.015 19.16 1.72 0.65 2.18 5.80 枯水期 7.50 0.008 0.020 5.61 1.75 0.05 2.37 0.06 含量单位：mg/mL.
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表 3 嫩江及主要支流多年年均径流量统计
Table 3. Average annual runoff of Nenjiang River and main tributaries
河流段 嫩江 阿伦河 雅鲁河 绰尔河 洮儿河 径流量/(108m3/a) 216.12 7.12 18.5 20.6 17.4 悬浮物总量/t 6 852 965 375 190.8 104 552.8 151 168 229 233
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表 4 嫩江及主要支流输出重金属通量
Table 4. Output flux of heavy metals from Nenjiang River and main tributaries
元素 介质 嫩江 阿伦河 雅鲁河 绰尔河 洮儿河 As 悬浮物 38.61 3.96 0.51 0.52 1.86 水 74.56 2.99 7.35 6.95 15.27 Hg 悬浮物 0.103 0.010 0.003 0.003 0.005 水 0.216 0.011 0.015 0.020 0.015 Cd 悬浮物 0.66 0.07 0.02 0.04 0.03 水 0.13 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.03 Cr 悬浮物 288.23 20.08 5.03 6.25 12.65 水 149.99 3.50 1217.94 126.93 21.55 Cu 悬浮物 138.01 9.61 2.56 3.45 4.79 水 26.47 1.31 1.67 2.79 3.02 Pb 悬浮物 144.46 9.29 2.39 3.46 5.72 水 7.89 0.67 0.95 0.97 0.61 Zn 悬浮物 416.79 33.43 10.44 10.82 20.23 水 23.12 1.44 4.81 34.91 3.96 Ni 悬浮物 156.09 11.41 2.75 4.12 6.73 水 68.19 12.68 97.72 20.20 5.10 单位：t.
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