GEOCHEMISTRY AND SOURCE AREA ENVIRONMENT OF THE MIDDLE JURASSIC SANDSTONE IN SOUTHERN QIANGTANG BASIN
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摘要:
南羌塘盆地江鱼玛洛地区发育中侏罗统雀莫错组, 通过岩石地球化学分析, 对砂岩源区环境进行恢复. 化学风化作用指标(CIW)、化学蚀变作用指标(CIA)和A-CN-K图解反映砂岩的碎屑成分遭受过较强烈的风化. 化学组分指标(ICV)和Th/Sc-Zr/Sc图解指示主要为第一沉积旋回产物, 伴有少量沉积再循环物质. 岩石元素Al2O3/TiO2、Th/Sc、Cr/Zr比值和La/Th-Hf源岩判别图解反映砂岩的碎屑主要来源于上地壳长英质源区, 并混入少量基性铁镁质岩石. 砂岩的微量元素特征及SiO2-K2O/Na2O、La-Th-Sc、Co-Th-Zr/10、Sc-Th-Zr/10判别图解均表明该砂岩形成于大陆边缘裂陷构造背景.
Abstract:The sandstone of Middle Jurassic Quemocuo Formation is developed in Jiangyumaluo area of southern Qiangtang Basin. The environment of sandstone source area is restored through petrogeochemical analysis. The chemical index of weathering (CIW), chemical index of alteration (CIA) parameters and A-CN-K diagram of sandstones show that the clastic compositions are intensely weathered. The index of compositional variability(ICV) and Th/Sc-Zr/Sc diagram indicate that the sandstone contains mainly the first sedimentary cycle materials, with a little recycled sediment. The Al2O3/TiO2, Th/Sc and Cr/Zr ratios of rock elements and La/Th-Hf discrimination diagram of source rocks suggest that the clastics of sandstone are mainly from the felsic source area of upper crust, mixed with a small number of basic femic rocks. The characteristics of trace elements and SiO2-K2O/Na2O, La-Th-Sc, Co-Th-Zr/10, Sc-Th-Zr/10 diagrams all indicate that the sandstones were formed in the continental margin rifting tectonic setting.
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Key words:
- Quemocuo Formation /
- sandstone /
- geochemistry /
- tectonic setting /
- southern Qiangtang Basin
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表 1 江鱼玛洛地区雀莫错组砂岩主量元素分析结果
Table 1. Contents of major elements in sandstone of Quemocuo Formation in Jiangyumaluo area
样品编号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Al2O3 12.13 12.79 13.52 9.76 8.11 8.66 11.10 12.81 12.39 11.48 14.20 SiO2 71.17 74.26 74.12 56.46 67.33 80.59 78.70 78.45 75.82 69.04 75.41 Fe2O3 2.86 2.36 1.81 4.57 3.31 1.80 2.10 1.58 1.95 3.00 1.90 CaO 2.51 1.51 1.14 8.64 6.27 1.62 0.46 0.39 1.28 3.60 0.56 MgO 0.69 0.66 0.70 0.78 0.82 0.43 0.63 0.72 0.67 0.74 0.78 Na2O 1.17 1.03 1.41 0.78 0.57 1.01 1.50 0.83 1.44 1.29 1.02 K2O 3.16 3.34 3.15 2.31 1.96 2.52 3.08 3.45 3.28 2.78 3.33 P2O5 0.12 0.09 0.23 0.10 0.12 0.07 0.09 0.11 0.14 0.14 0.20 SO3 0.05 0.06 0.04 0.05 0.07 0.06 0.12 0.03 0.07 0.04 0.05 TiO2 0.38 0.32 0.88 0.34 0.24 0.26 0.30 0.49 0.38 0.50 0.81 MnO 0.16 0.03 0.04 0.33 0.21 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.06 0.14 0.03 CaO* 1.17 1.03 0.37 0.78 0.57 1.01 0.16 0.02 0.81 1.29 1.02 Fe2O3+MgO 3.55 3.01 2.51 5.35 4.14 2.23 2.72 2.30 2.62 3.74 2.67 Al2O3/SiO2 0.17 0.17 0.18 0.17 0.12 0.11 0.14 0.16 0.16 0.17 0.19 Al2O3/（Na2O+CaO） 3.30 5.03 5.30 1.04 1.19 3.28 5.66 10.49 4.57 2.34 8.99 CIA 68.80 70.31 73.28 71.61 72.35 65.61 70.08 74.87 69.14 68.17 72.56 CIW 83.83 86.13 88.37 86.22 87.68 81.09 86.99 93.78 84.63 81.65 87.44 ICV 0.79 0.69 0.62 1.01 0.95 0.82 0.70 0.56 0.69 0.85 0.63 注: CIA (蚀变作用指标)=A12O3/(A12O3+CaO*+Na2O+K2O)×100;CIW (化学风化作用指标)=A12O3/(Al2O3+CaO*+Na2O)×100;ICV (化学组分指标)=(Fe2O3+K2O+Na2O+CaO*+MgO+MnO+TiO2)/Al2O3.含量单位: %. 
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表 2 江鱼玛洛地区雀莫错组砂岩微量元素、稀土元素分析结果
Table 2. Contents of trace elements and REEs in sandstone of Quemocuo Formation in Jiangyumaluo area
样品编号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Li 14.67 12.11 15.75 8.22 8.23 8.03 14.03 13.83 11.91 14.68 15.47 Be 0.88 0.61 1.14 0.79 0.24 0.34 0.71 0.45 0.66 0.77 1.01 V 35.00 33.74 50.56 39.08 31.89 23.76 31.59 42.31 35.24 42.10 50.82 Cr 54.67 34.32 45.79 56.88 52.78 40.64 41.21 80.22 41.46 72.80 49.38 Co 7.84 5.65 4.94 9.29 3.59 1.12 7.34 2.94 3.86 4.89 8.03 Ni 15.02 12.58 10.86 18.67 8.54 3.43 13.28 7.23 9.40 11.50 12.00 Ga 11.18 11.92 14.04 9.82 8.54 8.89 11.93 15.73 13.54 13.95 17.51 Rb 71.41 71.73 69.41 56.15 41.99 53.57 72.51 81.89 74.89 70.15 81.16 Sr 109.80 109.13 80.60 148.92 131.13 99.20 81.62 84.21 81.83 110.63 80.31 Zr 53.75 45.76 213.50 55.67 43.09 38.11 47.12 68.45 47.55 64.11 144.83 Nb 6.23 5.98 13.83 6.91 4.67 5.10 6.27 9.57 6.77 8.37 14.80 Cd 0.08 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.03 0.01 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.05 0.05 Cs 2.32 1.95 2.57 2.13 1.43 1.50 2.07 2.05 2.26 2.37 2.67 Ba 860.09 684.17 550.07 708.27 422.40 512.72 696.46 652.60 662.17 599.72 693.49 Hf 1.74 1.64 7.21 1.88 1.53 1.30 1.57 2.18 1.67 2.24 4.93 Ta 0.38 0.37 0.86 0.45 0.30 0.32 0.45 0.70 0.45 0.55 1.02 Pb 11.73 23.71 22.43 18.15 9.14 18.13 14.80 15.28 12.19 12.50 22.81 Bi 0.05 0.07 0.09 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.11 0.05 0.06 0.10 U 1.31 1.13 3.11 1.47 1.16 0.90 0.99 1.30 1.09 1.46 2.18 Sc 5.02 5.54 9.08 5.91 7.44 3.91 3.98 6.01 6.75 6.57 7.20 Th 6.40 5.65 21.81 7.91 6.38 5.10 4.96 8.16 7.56 10.71 16.88 La 28.08 29.47 51.05 34.97 34.31 22.60 19.18 32.06 30.46 33.97 43.72 Ce 49.91 54.54 91.08 64.02 63.67 40.20 34.97 58.24 55.36 60.90 79.69 Pr 5.99 6.52 11.27 7.66 7.67 4.85 4.13 7.00 6.71 7.46 9.76 Nd 23.38 25.27 42.95 30.24 30.26 18.25 15.50 26.60 25.64 28.46 36.31 Sm 4.41 4.44 7.60 5.91 6.11 2.92 2.74 4.85 4.86 5.32 6.36 Eu 0.97 0.95 1.32 1.31 1.34 0.60 0.63 1.00 1.09 1.18 1.15 Gd 3.64 3.32 6.69 5.28 5.57 2.03 2.41 3.69 4.06 5.07 5.19 Tb 0.56 0.47 1.00 0.87 0.90 0.28 0.36 0.50 0.57 0.80 0.74 Dy 2.50 2.24 4.30 4.33 4.21 1.34 1.73 2.15 2.50 3.60 3.28 Ho 0.51 0.40 0.87 0.93 0.85 0.29 0.35 0.45 0.50 0.71 0.67 Er 1.32 1.06 2.37 2.57 2.19 0.77 0.90 1.19 1.30 1.98 1.77 Tm 0.22 0.18 0.40 0.43 0.38 0.14 0.15 0.20 0.22 0.30 0.31 Yb 1.39 1.12 2.69 2.70 2.37 0.84 0.95 1.22 1.37 1.97 2.03 Lu 0.21 0.18 0.41 0.39 0.34 0.12 0.14 0.19 0.21 0.29 0.32 Y 16.68 10.73 25.68 28.06 22.31 7.27 9.24 12.23 13.28 18.68 17.61 ΣREE 123.11 130.17 223.98 161.62 160.17 95.25 84.14 139.332 134.84 152 191.31 LREE 112.75 121.19 205.26 144.11 143.36 89.43 77.15 129.75 124.12 137.29 176.99 HREE 10.36 8.98 18.73 17.50 16.81 5.82 6.99 9.58 10.72 14.71 14.31 LREE/HREE 10.88 13.50 10.96 8.23 8.53 15.35 11.03 13.54 11.58 9.33 12.37 LaN/YbN 13.64 17.77 12.84 8.75 9.78 18.18 13.66 17.82 15.07 11.68 14.56 δEu 0.72 0.73 0.55 0.70 0.69 0.72 0.74 0.70 0.73 0.69 0.60 δCe 0.87 0.89 0.86 0.88 0.89 0.87 0.89 0.88 0.88 0.87 0.87 含量单位: 10-6.
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表 3 雀莫错组砂岩与不同构造环境砂岩地球化学参数对比表
Table 3. Comparison of geochemical parameters between sandstones of Quemocuo Formation and other tectonic settings
特征值 本文平均值 活动大陆边缘 被动大陆边缘 大陆岛弧 大洋岛弧 PAAS SiO2 72.85 73.86 81.95 70.69 58.83 62.8 TiO2 0.45 0.46 0.49 0.64 1.06 1 Al2O3 11.54 12.89 8.41 14.04 17.11 18.9 Fe2O3+MgO 3.17 4.63 2.89 6.79 11.73 8.7 Al2O3/SiO2 0.16 0.18 0.1 0.2 0.29 0.3 K2O/Na2O 2.82 0.99 1.6 0.61 0.39 3.08 Al2O3/（Na2O+CaO） 4.65 2.56 4.15 2.24 1.72 7.56 La 32.72 37 39 27 8.2 38 Ce 59.33 78 85 59 19.4 80 ΣREE 145.08 186 210 146 58 161 LREE/HREE 11.39 9.1 8.5 7.7 3.8 / LaN/YbN 13.98 12.3 15.9 11 4.2 9.2 δEu 0.69 0.6 0.55 0.8 1.04 0.64 Th/U 6.07 4.8 5.6 4.6 2.1 4.1 La/Sc 5.34 4.55 6.25 1.82 0.55 2.37 Th/Sc 1.45 2.59 3.06 0.85 0.15 1.1 Rb/Sr 0.71 0.89 1.19 0.65 0.05 0.8 Ba/Sr 6.59 3.8 4.7 3.55 0.95 3.25 Ti/Zr 39.02 15.3 6.74 19.7 56.8 28.55 注: 特征参数引自参考文献[20]; PAAS-澳大利亚后太古宙平均页岩.
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