GEOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND PROSPECTING DIRECTION OF MOLYBDENUM POLYMETALLIC DEPOSITS IN YAKESHI REGION, INNER MONGOLIA
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摘要:
牙克石地区位于大兴安岭中段西坡得尔布干断裂的南东侧, 隶属于兴-蒙成矿带, 已发现钼多金属矿床(点)20余处, 显示了较好的成矿条件及巨大的找矿潜力. 在区域地质矿产调查的基础上, 通过对区域地质背景及典型矿床的对比分析, 划分了钼多金属矿床的类型, 分析了矿床的成因及找矿方向. 研究认为区域钼多金属矿床主要有斑岩型、岩浆热液型、云英岩型、破碎带蚀变岩型、夕卡岩型、细脉浸染裂隙充填型, 成矿多与花岗(斑)岩体及断裂构造有关, 成矿过程与华北板块与蒙古地块的陆-陆碰撞和古太平洋板块向亚洲板块俯冲有关, 是多个板块运动联合作用的产物. 研究区内铅锌银钼矿的发现, 体现了化探工作找矿的有效性. 因此, 在该地区进行矿产勘查工作, 应充分考虑成矿地质背景和1:20万水系沉积物地球化学异常的吻合程度, 利用地质、物探、化探、GIS技术精准预测远景区及靶区, 以期寻找中生代斑岩型和热液脉型钼多金属矿床, 兼顾晚古生代斑岩型钼矿.
Abstract:More than 20 molybdenum polymetallic deposits and occurrences have been discovered in Yakeshi region which is located on the southeast of Derbugan fault on the western slope of central Daxinganling Mountains and belongs to Xing'an-Mongolian metallogenic belt, showing good metallogenic conditions and great prospecting potential. Based on the regional geological and mineral survey, the types of molybdenum(Mo) polymetallic deposits are classified and the deposit genesis and prospecting direction are analyzed through comparative study of regional geological background and typical deposits. It is considered that the Mo-polymetallic deposits mainly include porphyry type, magmatic hydrothermal type, greisen type, fractured altered rock type, skarn type and porphyry-disseminated fissure filling type. The mineralization is mainly related to granite(porphyry) rock mass and fault structure. The ore-forming process is the result of the combined action of several plate movements, involving the continent-continent collision between North China Plate and Mongolia Block and the subduction of paleo-Pacific Plate towards Asiatic Plate. The discovery of Pb, Zn, Ag and Mo deposits in the area reflects the effectiveness of geochemical exploration. Therefore, the mineral exploration in the region should fully consider the coincidence degree between metallogenic geological background and 1:200 000 stream sediment geochemical anomaly, and use geological, geophysical, geochemical prospecting and GIS for accurate prediction of prospect and target areas, in order to prospect for Mesozoic porphyry and hydrothermal vein type Mo-polymetallic deposits as well as the Late Paleozoic porphyry molybdenum deposits.
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表 1 牙克石地区钼多金属矿床特征参数统计表
Table 1. Characteristic parameters of Mo-polymetallic deposits in Yakeshi region
矿床名称 矿种 规模 矿床类型 矿床特征 资料来源 岩山 钼 中型 岩浆热液型 钼矿体主要赋存于兴华渡口群与花岗斑岩、石英斑岩、花岗闪长岩等隐伏岩体的接触带及其附近；长石石英脉中辉钼矿Re-Os年龄为125.3±1.8 Ma；围岩为花岗斑岩的辉钼矿Re-Os年龄为126.6±1.8 Ma，兴华渡口群围岩中辉钼矿Re-Os年龄为125.2±1.7 Ma；成矿时代为燕山晚期 文献[4] 秧草沟 铅锌银钼 中型 破碎带蚀变岩型 圈定19个铅锌银矿体，6个钼盲矿体，含矿岩性主要为灰绿-灰黑色英安质凝灰岩、英安质晶屑凝灰岩、安山质凝灰岩、透辉石夕卡岩、流纹岩，主要金属矿物为方铅矿、闪锌矿、辉银矿、辉钼矿、黄铁矿、褐铁矿，还有少量黄铜矿、磁铁矿 文献[5] 腰房子 钼 中型 细脉浸染充填型、斑岩型 共圈定辉钼矿体105条，矿体围岩为侏罗系上统白音高老组流纹质、英安质火山碎屑岩，矿体形态不规则、不连续，成矿过程中围岩蚀变主要有钾化带、黄铁-绿泥石化-绢云母化带、硅化-绿泥石化带 文献[6] 一十七公里 钼 小型 破碎带蚀变岩型 已发现钼多金属矿体14条，矿体主要赋存于碎裂状绿泥黄铁绢英岩、构造蚀变岩、蚀变花岗斑岩中，围岩以碎裂状绿泥黄铁绢英岩、构造蚀变岩为主；矿体呈脉状、细脉状，控制长度800 m，最大延深307 m 文献[7] 岭上 铅锌钼 中型 斑岩型、破碎带蚀变岩型 矿体赋存于断裂破碎蚀变带及花岗斑岩中，含矿岩石为英安岩，矿化蚀变带长300~600 m，宽200~300 m，金属矿物有黄铁矿、闪锌矿、方铅矿、辉钼矿、磁铁矿、褐铁矿等；矿床的成因与花岗斑岩及北西向断层关系密切 文献[8] 大南沟 钼 小型 斑岩型 钼矿（化）体赋存于晚白垩世花岗斑岩中，围岩为早白垩世中粗粒二长花岗岩；辉钼矿体呈层状-似层状，产于花岗斑岩中，走向62°，倾向155°，倾角13~18°，矿体厚度均匀 文献[9] 外新河 铜钼 小型 斑岩型 已发现钼矿（化）体3条，矿体产于侏罗纪云英岩化细粒白岗岩中，其中Ⅰ号矿体较大，控长80.00 m，平均厚度为20.30 m，北西走向；Ⅱ、Ⅲ号矿（化）体较小；主要金属矿物有辉钼矿、黄铁矿、黄铜矿 文献[10] 新帐房 钼 中型 云英岩型 成矿岩体为云英岩化细粒白岗岩，近矿围岩为细粒花岗岩，Re-Os成矿年龄为134±2 Ma 文献[11] 二站沟 铅锌钼 小型 夕卡岩型 铅锌钼矿体主要赋存于大理岩层内的夕卡岩中，矿体受地层和岩浆岩控制明显，远离接触带无矿化 文献[12] 大东沟 钼 矿点 斑岩型 发现两个钼矿化点，其中4号钼矿化点矿化脉宽约20 m，长大于80 m，分布在早白垩世花岗岩外接触带玛尼吐组北西向次级断裂中，矿化岩石为碎裂蚀变凝灰岩；5号钼矿化点赋存于花岗斑岩体内，矿化岩石类型为碎裂蚀变花岗斑岩，金属矿物可见片状辉钼矿、镜铁矿及晕黄色铁钼矿 文献[13] 
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