GEOLOGICAL CONSTRAINT OF GEOHAZARDS IN EMEISHAN BASALT AREAS: A Case Study of Shuicheng County in Guizhou Province
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摘要:
玄武岩在贵州省境内出露仅占省域面积的2.08%, 但却孕育着较大的地质灾害风险隐患. 这些区域植被覆盖率较高, 使地质灾害具有隐蔽性和突发性, 常常难以有效进行识别和防范. 本文以水城县为例, 采用ArcGIS软件对玄武岩区发育的各类地质灾害风险隐患点数据和地质、地理信息进行叠加和系统处理分析, 再结合野外现场大比例尺调查检验, 得出水城县玄武岩区地质灾害风险隐患发育的地质约束明显的结论, 即呈土岩二元结构的滑坡、不稳定斜坡、风险斜坡为该区主要地质灾害风险隐患, 较集中展布于北西向褶皱构造翼部和北西向、北东向断褶构造交汇部位, 这些区域通常地势较为平缓, 土地资源丰富, 自然村寨分布较多. 玄武岩体的内生条件和外生条件影响了其风化程度, 风化土的物理力学性质又决定了其对环境的极其敏感性.
Abstract:Basalts in Guizhou Province carry great hidden danger of geohazards, although they account only for 2.08% of the total area. Due to the dense coverage of vegetation, it is often difficult to identify and prevent the hidden and sudden geological disasters effectively in these basalt areas. Taking Shuicheng County as an example, the paper uses ArcGIS for the superposition and systematic analysis of various geohazard hidden point data as well as geological and geographic information in the basalt areas. Combined with the large scale field investigation and verification, it is concluded that the constraint of geohazards in the basalt areas of Shuicheng County is obvious. The main hidden geohazards in the area include soil-rock dual structure landslide, unstable slope and risk slope, which are distributed in the intersection of NW fold structure wing and NW and NE fault-fold structure. The terrain in the area is relatively gentle, rich in land resources and distributed with multiple natural villages. The endogenous and exogenous conditions of basalts affect the weathering degree, and the weathered soil is extremely sensitive to the environment due to its physical and mechanical properties.
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Key words:
- Emeishan basalt /
- geohazard /
- geological constraint /
- Guizhou Province
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表 1 2002—2022年水城县各类型地质灾害风险隐患点统计表
Table 1. Potential geohazard point statistics of various types in Shuicheng County during 2002-2022
统计年 滑坡 崩塌 不稳定斜坡 地面塌陷 地裂缝 地面沉降 泥石流 风险斜坡 合计 2002 数量/处 143 45 30 7 21 1 42 289 占比/% 49.48 15.57 10.38 2.42 7.27 0.35 14.53 2011 数量/处 235 63 54 8 3 1 364 占比/% 64.56 17.31 14.84 2.20 0.82 0.27 2022 数量/处 194 115 30 4 10 3 383 739 占比/% 26.25 15.56 4.06 0.54 1.35 0.41% 51.83 
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表 2 2002—2022年峨眉山玄武岩区地质灾害风险隐患统计
Table 2. Hidden danger statistics of geohazards in Emeishan basalt area during 2002-2022
统计年 合计/处 滑坡 不稳定斜坡 崩塌 泥石流 地裂缝 风险斜坡 2002 53 35 6 3 6 3 2022 200 49 7 21 1 122
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表 3 不同地质构造区域内的地质灾害
Table 3. Statistics of geohazards by structural areas
构造区域 合计/处 滑坡 不稳定斜坡 崩塌 地面塌陷 泥石流 地裂缝 风险斜坡 沟木底向斜南西翼 57 15 1 2 1 38 发耳构造穹盆区 97 24 4 10 59
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表 4 不同高程内地质灾害分布
Table 4. Statistics of geohazards by elevations
高程/m 合计/处 滑坡 不稳定斜坡 崩塌 泥石流 风险斜坡 800~1000 5 2 3 1000~1400 68 12 4 5 1 46 1400~1900 114 31 3 12 68 ≥1900 13 4 4 5
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表 5 不同地形坡度下地质灾害分布
Table 5. Statistics of geohazards by topographic gradients
地形坡度/（°） 合计/处 滑坡 不稳定斜坡 崩塌 泥石流 风险斜坡 ≤10 35 5 1 2 27 10-20 96 30 4 2 60 20-30 49 10 1 5 1 32 30-40 11 3 1 5 2 ＞40 9 1 7 1
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