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摘要:
通过班公湖流域水资源调查、数据采集与分析，运用数理统计、水化学分析方法综合研究流域水化学特征及主控因素.结果表明：水化学类型河水以HCO3-Ca型水为主、湖水以Cl·SO4-Na·Mg型水为主、地下水以HCO3-Ca·Mg型水为主.河水和地下水形成过程中主要受碳酸盐岩和硅酸盐岩控制，湖水主要受蒸发结晶作用控制.湖水中Na+、Cl-、K+来源于降雨、蒸发岩溶解以及其他含钾钠矿物溶解；河水以及地下水中的Na+、Cl-、K+主要来源于蒸发岩溶解；各水体中的Ca2+、Mg2+、SO42-来源于碳酸盐岩矿物和石膏溶解，其中河水和地下水中的Ca2+、Mg2+主要来源于碳酸盐岩矿物溶解.地下水中的Na+、K+与含水层或土壤中的Ca2+、Mg2+发生离子交换作用.
Abstract:Based on the survey, data collection and analysis of water resources in Bangong Lake Basin, the hydrochemical characteristics and main controlling factors of the area are studied through mathematical statistics and hydrochemical analysis. The results show that the HCO3-Ca type water is dominated in river, Cl·SO4-Na·Mg type water in lake and HCO3-Ca·Mg type water in groundwater in terms of hydrochemical types. The formation of river water and groundwater is mainly controlled by carbonate rocks and silicate rocks, and the lake water by evaporation-crystallization. The Na+, Cl- and K+ in lake water are derived from precipitation, evaporite dissolution and dissolution of other potassium-sodium minerals, while those in river water and groundwater mainly come from evaporite dissolution. The Ca2+, Mg2+ and SO42- in all water bodies are from the dissolution of carbonate rock minerals and gypsum, among which the Ca2+ and Mg2+ in river water and groundwater mainly originate from the dissolution of carbonate rocks. There is ion exchange action of Na+ and K+ in groundwater with Ca2+ and Mg2+ in aquifer or soil.
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Key words:
- hydrochemistry /
- evaporite /
- Bangong Lake /
- Tibet
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表 1 水化学成分分析结果
Table 1. Analysis results of hydrochemical compositions
采样点 分析值 pH 钾 钠 钙 镁 氯化物 硫酸盐 硝酸盐 重碳酸根 矿化度 河流 最小 8.3 1.0 1.3 10.0 3.2 1.5 12.8 1.0 56.0 90.0 最大 8.8 2.2 19.0 90.0 23.4 7.1 78.9 2.2 204.0 251.0 平均 8.5 1.6 10.9 46.5 12.3 4.0 35.9 1.3 119.6 157.6 湖泊 最小 8.4 40.0 500.0 8.1 240.0 600.0 750.0 0.003 200.0 630.0 最大 9.0 83.1 765.0 32.5 189.0 1095.0 849.0 0.003 500.0 2066.0 平均 8.6 65.9 655.0 19.6 210.2 925.3 813.0 0.003 317.5 1348.3 地下水 最小 8.2 0.9 3.1 18.0 8.2 3.7 21.9 0.9 96.0 128.0 最大 8.5 11.2 184.0 180.0 85.0 256.0 628.0 13.3 337.0 797.0 平均 8.3 4.5 35.6 54.4 29.7 43.5 109.3 5.6 250.5 311.4 含量单位：mg/L. 
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表 2 水体离子浓度及矿化度
Table 2. Ion concentration and salinity in water
采样点 点性质 钾 钠 钙 镁 氯化物 硫酸盐 硝酸盐 重碳酸根 矿化度 QSY05 河水 0.03 0.06 0.50 0.28 0.04 0.29 0.02 0.92 90 QSY06 河水 0.03 0.06 0.60 0.27 0.05 0.27 0.04 1.02 104 QSY09 河水 0.05 0.68 4.25 1.30 0.13 0.73 0.03 2.21 150 QSY10 河水 0.05 0.76 4.50 1.34 0.15 0.81 0.03 2.31 193 QSY11 河水 0.06 0.83 1.80 1.95 0.20 1.64 0.00 3.34 251 QSY08 湖水 2.13 33.26 0.90 20.00 31.29 17.65 0.00 8.20 2066 QSY16 湖水 1.69 29.26 1.63 15.75 28.46 16.79 0.00 4.56 1800 QSY04 湖水 1.92 29.65 0.41 16.00 28.86 17.69 0.00 4.79 897 QSY15 湖水 1.03 13.04 1.00 18.33 17.14 15.63 0.00 3.28 630 QSY01 地下水 0.09 0.75 2.25 2.28 0.71 1.45 0.02 3.69 274 QSY02 地下水 0.04 0.35 0.90 0.94 0.24 0.47 0.05 1.58 135 QSY03 地下水 0.29 0.40 1.14 2.05 0.12 0.68 0.03 2.92 203 QSY07 地下水 0.28 8.00 9.00 7.08 7.31 13.08 0.19 5.52 797 QSY12 地下水 0.02 0.13 1.46 1.03 0.11 0.51 0.06 1.95 159 QSY13 地下水 0.10 0.53 1.10 1.42 0.40 0.78 0.04 1.97 174 QSY14 地下水 0.06 0.30 1.06 0.69 0.17 0.46 0.06 1.70 128 QSY17 地下水 0.11 1.20 3.40 2.23 1.06 1.69 0.05 5.36 359 QSY18 地下水 0.11 1.27 3.55 2.44 1.35 1.79 0.21 5.28 350 QSY19 地下水 0.10 1.72 3.28 2.35 1.77 2.48 0.18 5.11 374 QSY20 地下水 0.07 2.40 2.82 4.73 0.43 1.68 0.10 10.10 473 单位：矿化度为mg/L，其他为mmol/L.
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