The Review of Activation Techniques of Silicon in Iron and Steel Slag Silicon Fertilizer Preparation Process
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摘要:
硅是水稻生长的必需元素。钢铁渣是生产硅肥的良好原料,利用钢铁渣生产硅肥是一种有前途的、可供选择的钢铁行业固体副产物处理途径。为提高硅肥使用效率,在钢铁渣生产硅肥过程中需要对其中的硅进行活化提高有效硅含量。钢铁渣制备硅肥过程中有效硅的活化技术可分为三类:机械活化、热化学活化和化学活化,对这三类活化技术的优缺点进行了讨论。未来钢铁渣中有效硅的活化技术需要满足大批量、高效、多样化的生产需求。
Abstract:Silicon is a necessary element for the growth of rice. Iron and steel slag is a good raw material for silicon fertilizer. It is a promising and alternative way of treating solid byproduct that producing silicon fertilizer from iron and steel slag. It still needs to increase its available silicon content to improve its efficiency in the activation process. The activation methods can be divided into three categories:mechanical activation, thermal chemical activation and chemical activation. The advantages and disadvantages of the three activation techniques were discussed. In the future, the activation technology of available silicon in iron and steel slag will need to meet the production needs of large capacity, high efficiency and diversification.
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表 1 钢铁渣制备硅肥研究进程
Table 1. Research process of silicon fertilizer prepared from iron and steel slag
表 2 钢铁渣化学活化效果对比
Table 2. Comparison of chemical activation effects of iron and steel slag
活化介质 活化剂 初始粒度/mm 活化剂量(相对原料密量) 处理温度 处理时间 最终粒径/mm 辅助处理条件 效果 文献 酸 浓H2SO4/HCl ≤2 6%~10% - ≥12 h - 酸处理后加碱中和 有效硅14%~21% [45] 浓度为25%~32%的H2SO4/HNO3/H3PO4 ≤0.2 60%~80% 30~40 ℃ 1~2 d - 40~80 ℃下干燥 提高产量、改善植株生长、改良果实外观、口味 [46] 浓度为85%的H3PO4 ≤0.075 5%~20% - 30 min ≤0.5 活化剂用量1.25倍的水稀释,100 ℃下干燥 有效硅含量最高由2 mg/g提高23 mg/g [47] 碱 有机碱(黑液、木质素磺酸钠等) - 3%~15%及9%~15%的水 微波:600~900 W 研磨:5~30 min微波:1~30 min - 60~90 ℃下干燥30~60 min 水溶性硅含量增幅显著 [48] 盐 硫酸铵盐类 0.060~0.160 3倍~20倍 200~500 ℃ 10~60 min - 保温后,水中溶解,过滤; 滤液调和成叶面肥 得到固体肥及叶面肥,肥效稳定、易于储存 [49-51] 水 水蒸气 ≤40 100% 100~300 ℃ 蒸气中:1~4 d大气中:30 d ≤0.3 有效元素含量高,易于土中崩解,利于长期储存 [52] - 1倍~10倍 - 4~10 h ≤2 蒸气压6~15 kg/cm2 可溶性硅含量大于30% [53] 注:-表示未提及。 表 3 钢铁渣有效硅活化技术分类及特点对比
Table 3. Classification and comparison of available silicon activation techniques for iron and steel slag
技术 活化方法 活化介质 目的 优点 缺点 机械活化 研磨 —— 增大钢铁渣的比表面积 工艺简单 活化效果不明显,有效成分随初始炉渣成分波动 研磨+活化剂 碱性物质,石灰、生石灰、转炉渣等 增大钢铁渣的比表面积 工艺简单,pH值提高,适合酸性土壤应用。 活化效果不明显,有效成分随初始炉渣成分波动 热化学活化 熔态调质 1.含植物有益元素的物质;2.石灰、生石灰 1.使植物有益元素枸溶,减少流失;2.调整炉渣矿物结构,调整有效硅含量 可以利用熔融炉渣的热量 有效成分因参数选择差异波动 化学活化 酸、碱、盐溶液或水蒸气处理 酸、碱、盐溶液或水蒸气 促进矿物风化,加速炉渣的有效元素浸出 整体活化效果较好 时间长、能耗高,大多数在烘干后,需要二次研磨 -
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