Characteristics of Blast Furnace Slag and Its Role in ZTA Ceramics Sintering
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摘要: 高炉渣是由炼铁高炉产生的一种工业废渣，其中含有CaO、Al2O3、SiO2等硅酸盐成分和少量Fe2O3、TiO2、ZrO2等析晶形核剂。高炉渣在855℃热处理1 h，可形核析出1 μm左右的Ca2Al2SiO7微晶，这表明高炉渣具有较高的析晶活性。向ZTA中添加质量分数为4%的高炉渣，1 550℃烧结30 min，低温下ZTA陶瓷的力学性能明显提升，抗弯强度和断裂韧性分别为650 MPa和6.03 MPa·m1/2，比相同温度下未添加高炉渣时分别提高了15%和14.2%，烧结温度降低了50℃以上。颗粒细化的高炉渣掺入ZTA陶瓷基体，烧结过程中高炉渣产生的液相促进了Al2O3棒晶的生长，受力过程中棒晶的拔出和裂纹的偏转有利于ZTA陶瓷力学性能的提升；高炉渣在高温下的析晶增强了ZTA陶瓷的晶界强度，进一步提高了材料的力学性能。Abstract: Blast furnace slag is an industrial waste slag produced by ironmaking blast furnace, which contains silicate components such as CaO, Al2O3, SiO2 and a small amount of crystallization nucleating agents such as Fe2O3, TiO2, ZrO2. After it was heat treated at 855 ℃ for 1 h, the crystal phase of Ca2Al2SiO7 about 1μm could be nucleated and crystallized, which indicates that blast furnace slag has high crystallization activity. Adding 4% of blast furnace slag to ZTA, the mechanical properties of ZTA ceramics are significantly improved at low temperatures after sintered at 1 550 ℃ for 30 min. Flexural strength and fracture toughness are 650 MPa and 6.03 MPa·m1/2, respectively. There are 15% and 14.2% higher than that at the same sintering temperature without addition of blast furnae slag, and the sintering temperature is reduced by more than 50 ℃. The grain-refining furnace slag incorporated ZTA ceramic matrix, the liquid phase produces by blast furnace slag during the sintering process, which promotes the growth of Al2O3 rod crystal, the rod crystal extraction and crack deflection during the process of stress are conducive to the improvement of the mechanical properties of ZTA ceramics. The crystallization of blast furnace slag at high temperature enhances the grain boundary strength of ZTA ceramics and further improves the mechanical properties of the materials.
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Key words:
- blast furnace slag /
- ZTA ceramics /
- ceramic sintering /
- crystallization
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表 1 试验原料及性能指标
Table 1. Raw materials and their parameters
原料名称 性能指标 生产厂家 α-Al2O3 分析纯，2 μm 天津市科密欧科技有限公司 纳米Al2O3 99.9%，30 nm 上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司 ZrO2 3Y-ZrO2 焦作李封工业有限责任公司 TiC 99%，50 nm 上海麦克林生化科技有限公司 高炉冶金矿渣 水淬渣 河南某钢铁公司 
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表 2 试验所用的主要仪器设备
Table 2. Main equipment in the experiment
设备名称 设备型号 生产厂家 试验用途 精密分析天平 STP FA1004 上海上平仪器有限公司 称量 高能球磨机 SPEX8000M 美国SPEX 粉碎混料 电热鼓风干燥箱 FN101-2A 湘潭市中山仪器厂 干燥 超声波清洗器 KH-400KDE 昆山禾创超声有限公司 清洗 X荧光光谱仪 XRF-1700 日本Shimadzu 成分分析 激光粒度分析仪 Zetasizer 3000HS 英国Marlvern 粒度分析 热重分析仪 STA449C 德国NETZSCH公司 热重分析 真空热压烧结炉 CVI HP 美国CVI公司 烧结 激光切割机 LCM100 郑州鑫锐机械设备有限公司 切割样品 自动压力研磨抛光机 UNIPOL-1200S 沈阳科晶自动化设备有限公司 研磨抛光 平面磨床 M618 江南赛特数控设备有限公司 研磨抛光 电子式万能试验机 WD-P4504 山东济南泰思特仪器有限公司 强韧性检测 显微硬度计 HV0.2 上海钜晶精密仪器制造有限公司 硬度检测 X射线衍射仪 D/MAX-2550V 日本Rigaku Tokyo 物相检测 扫描电子显微镜 JSM-7001F 日本电子株式会社 微观形貌分析
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表 3 筛分法测得的高炉渣粒度分布
Table 3. Particle size distribution of blast furnace slag measured by screening method
粒度/mm >3.2 3.2~2.5 2.5~1.6 1.6~0.45 0.45~0.3 0.3~0.2 0.2~0.13 ≤0.13 含量/% 1.76 1.01 14.6 68.48 10.72 1.43 1.3 0.70
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表 4 高炉渣的化学组成
/% Table 4. Chemical composition of blast furnace slag
组成 SiO2 Al2O3 CaO MgO TiO2 Fe2O3 ZrO2 含量 21.38 8.27 52.86 2.69 1.65 1.34 0.17
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表 5 各原料的质量分数
/% Table 5. Composition of raw materials
序号 高炉渣 α-Al2O3 nano-Al2O3 ZrO2 TiC 1 0 55 15 30 2 2 2 55 15 30 2 3 4 55 15 30 2 4 6 55 15 30 2 5 8 55 15 30 2
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