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摘要:
铼是地球上一种极其稀散的贵金属，常赋存在辉钼矿和斑铜矿等矿物中，在航空航天、石油催化等领域有十分重要的作用。目前，从钼精矿中提铼是最常见的回收铼资源的方法之一。文章概述了从钼精矿中提铼的工艺，主要包括全湿法工艺以及火法焙烧—湿法浸出联合工艺，同时介绍和总结了含铼溶液分离提取铼的方法，主要有化学沉淀法、离子交换法、溶剂萃取法和萃淋树脂法等，最后对铼资源的综合回收利用发展方向进行了展望。
Abstract:Rhenium is a rare precious metal on the earth. It is often found in molybdenite, porphyry and other minerals. It plays a very important role in the fields of aerospace and petrochemical industry. At present, one of the most important methods to recover rhenium resources is to extract rhenium from molybdenum concentrates. In this paper, the process of rhenium extraction from molybdenum concentrate is summarized, which including the whole wet process and the combined process of calcination and wet leaching. Meanwhile, the separation and extraction method of rhenium in solution containing rhenium is introduced and summarized. Finally the development direction of the comprehensive recovery and utilization of rhenium resources is prospected.
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Key words:
- rhenium /
- leach /
- roasting /
- extraction
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表 1 2018—2019年全球主要国家铼产量与储量
Table 1. Global production and reserves of rhenium metal from 2018 to 2019 in major countries
国家 产量/t 储量/t 2018年 2019年 美国 8.22 8.40 400 亚美尼亚 0.28 0.28 95 加拿大 — — 32 智利 27.00 27.00 1 300 中国 2.50 2.50 237 哈萨克斯坦 1.00 1.00 190 秘鲁 — — 45 波兰 9.09 9.30 NA 俄罗斯 NA NA 310 乌兹别克斯坦 0.46 0.40 NA 总量(约) 48.60 49.00 2 400 
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表 2 国内外从钼精矿和铜精矿中回收铼概况
Table 2. Overview of rhenium recovery from molybdenum and copper concentrates at home and abroad
原料 处理方法 回收产品 应用情况 钼精矿 氧化焙烧 高铼酸钾/铵 已应用 钙化焙烧 高铼酸钾/铵 已应用 低品位钼矿 加压氧化 高铼酸钾/铵 已应用 电熔氧化 高铼酸钾/铵 未应用 碱浸-置换 高铼酸钾/铵 已报道 铜精矿 烟气吸收 高铼酸钾/铵 已应用 烟尘浸出 高铼酸钾/铵 未工业
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