Research Process of Extraction and Separation of Metals with Quaternary-ammonium-salt-type Ionic Liquids
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摘要:
离子液体在金属萃取分离方面的应用是目前研究的热点之一。与传统萃取剂相比,离子液体有许多优异的性能,如不易燃、低挥发性、蒸气压低和水溶性低等。季铵盐类离子液体还具有合成简单、成本低和毒性低等优点,是离子液体萃取分离金属离子的重要类型。概述了季铵盐类离子液体的种类,详细阐述了其在萃取分离稀土元素、放射性元素、稀散元素、重金属和过渡金属等的研究进展,并对未来研究方向进行了展望。
Abstract:The application of ionic liquids (ILs) in metal extraction and separation is one of hot-topic research. Compared to conventional organic extractants, the ILs have many excellent properties of nonflammability, low volatility, negligible vapor pressure and low water solubility, etc. The quaternary-ammonium-salt-type ILs have the advantages of simple synthesis, low cost and low toxicity.Theyare an important type of ILs for extraction and separation of metal ions.The types and mechanism of the quaternary-ammonium-salt-type ILs were summarized.The research on extraction and separation of metals with these ILs was reviewed, including rare earth, radioactive elements, rare dispersed elements, heavy metals and transition metals.Their future research was proposed.
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Key words:
- ionic liquids /
- quaternary ammonium salt /
- extractant /
- rare earth /
- heavy metals /
- transition metals
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表 1 常见的离子液体中的阴阳离子基团
Table 1. Common cations and anions of ionic liquids
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