Microwave Preparation of Expanded Vermiculite and Its Application in Building Energy Saving and Reducing CO2 Emission
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摘要:
基于蛭石结构层水分子遇热瞬间汽化导致体积快速膨胀的特点，采用微波法和微波化学法对工业蛭石进行加热膨胀处理制备不同粒径的膨胀蛭石，研究了模压成型和浇注成型工艺制作膨胀蛭石/石膏基复合保温板的力学和热学等性能，评价了膨胀蛭石保温材料在建筑内墙和热工管道保温的节能效果。结果表明：以微波化学法制备的膨胀蛭石为骨料制作的保温板具有更小的密度和导热系数（0.082 W·m-1·K-1），含水率稍高；膨胀蛭石/石膏复合保温板的密度、导热系数和抗压强度随膨胀蛭石的片径增大而减小；在冬季室外平均气温为7℃条件下，与内墙和管道未增加保温层相比，节能保温样板和管道保温样板节能效率都稳定在20%，在建筑节能领域具有广阔的应用前景。
Abstract:Based on the characteristics of rapid volume expansion caused by instantaneous vaporization of water molecules in vermiculite structural layer when exposed to heat, the industrial vermiculite was heated and expanded by microwave method and microwave chemical method to prepare expanded vermiculite with different particle sizes; The mechanical and thermal properties of expanded vermiculite/gypsum-based composite insulation board made by mold pressing and casting molding were studied; evaluate the energy-saving effect of expanded vermiculite thermal insulation material in building interior wall and thermal pipeline. The results show that The thermal insulation board made of expanded vermiculite prepared by microwave method as aggregate has lower density and thermal conductivity (0.082 W/(m·k)), and slightly higher moisture content; The density, thermal conductivity and compressive strength of expanded vermiculite/gypsum composite insulation board will decrease with the increase of expanded vermiculite sheet diameter; Under the condition that the average outdoor temperature in winter is 7℃, the energy-saving heat preservation template and pipeline heat-preservation template can save electricity by 20% stably, which have a broad application prospects in the field of building energy conservation.
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表 1 膨胀蛭石的工艺性能
Table 1. Properties of expanded vermiculite
制备方法 编号 片径/mm 堆积密度/(kg·m-3) 含水率/% 导热系数/(W·m-1·K-1) 微波法 Sm 0.5~1 472.30 2.30 0.112 Bm 2~4 241.82 2.45 0.092 微波化学法 Smc 0.5~1 146.66 3.06 0.062 Bmc 2~4 80.60 3.56 0.060 
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表 2 膨胀蛭石/石膏保温板的抗压强度
Table 2. Compressive strength of expanded vermiculite/gypsum insulation boards
烧石膏/膨胀蛭石质量比 P-Sm /MPa P-Bm /MPa P-Smc /MPa P-Bmc /MPa C-Sm /MPa C-Bm /MPa 0.4 0.47 0.32 0.20 0.18 0.64 0.52 0.5 0.69 0.34 0.27 0.19 0.86 0.75 0.6 0.99 0.39 0.36 0.20 1.18 0.98 0.8 1.17 0.43 0.43 0.21 1.41 1.20 1.1 1.45 0.67 0.50 0.24 1.65 1.43 1.3 1.76 1.02 0.67 0.27 2.02 1.66 1.5 1.92 1.49 0.77 0.37 2.38 1.85
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