玄武岩纤维基本特征及应用前景分析

宋平; 高欢; 汪灵; 郑智仁; 乘舟越洋; 王哲皓

doi:10.13779/j.cnki.issn1001-0076.2022.01.041

玄武岩纤维基本特征及应用前景分析

1.
成都理工大学地球科学学院, 四川成都 610059

2.
成都理工大学材料与化学化工学院, 四川成都 610059

基金项目:
国家自然科学基金项目(41972039)；四川省科技计划项目(2020YFS0391)

详细信息

作者简介: 宋平(1998—), 女, 在读硕士研究生, 研究方向为岩石学、矿物学、矿床学, E-mail: songping053@163.com

通讯作者: 汪灵，男，博士，二级教授，博士生导师，享受国务院政府特殊津贴，四川省学术和技术带头人。在矿物材料学研究领域，先后主持国家自然科学基金面上项目7项以及国家及部省级科研项目多项，专著《矿物材料学原理》获批2021年度国家科学技术学术著作出版基金资助项目，发表学术论文165篇，以第一发明人获授权国家发明专利39项，先后任《矿物学报》编委和中国矿物岩石地球化学学会非金属矿物资源高效利用专业委员会副主任委员等。
汪灵(1958—), 男, 教授(博士), 博士生导师, 矿物学专业, 研究方向: 应用矿物学(矿物材料学), E-mail: wangling@cdut.edu.cn

中图分类号: TD91;TD985;TQ343

收稿日期: 2022-07-08

刊出日期: 2022-08-25

Basic Characteristics and Application Prospect Analysis of Basalt Fiber

1.
College of Earth Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, China

2.
College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, China

More Information

Corresponding author: WANG Ling, wangling@cdut.edu.cn

Received Date: 08 July 2022

Publish Date: 25 August 2022

摘要

摘要:
连续玄武岩纤维通常是以玄武岩矿石为唯一原料，经高温熔融和拉丝制备而成的一种无机非金属连续纤维材料。它作为一种重要的力学增强矿物功能材料和绿色结构材料，被列入我国重点扶持发展的四大高性能纤维之一。在总结玄武岩纤维的原料特征、拉丝工艺、物化性质等基础上，进一步分析了玄武岩纤维应用的广阔的市场前景，指出玄武岩纤维具有弹性模量高、耐高温、耐腐蚀、吸音系数较高、电绝缘性良好等优良性能，且性价比优势明显，可在一些领域中取代高性能高价格纤维。同时，玄武岩纤维还具有自己独特的优良物化性质，如耐湿、耐海水、耐化学腐蚀和耐高低温，在一些应用领域具有不可替代的作用。因此，应加大玄武岩纤维轻质高强材料及复合材料新产品新工艺研究和推广应用。
- 玄武岩纤维 /
- 拉丝工艺 /
- 玄武岩 /
- 矿物功能材料 /
- 绿色结构材料
Abstract:
Continuous basalt fiber (CBF) is a kind of inorganic nonmetallic continuous fiber which is usually prepared by high-temperature melting and wire drawing with basalt ore as the only raw material. As an important mechanical reinforced mineral functional material and green structural material, it is listed as one of the four high-performance fibers supported and developed by China. On the basis of summarizing the raw material characteristics, wire drawing technology, physical and chemical properties of basalt fiber, the broad market prospect of basalt fiber application was further analyzed. It was pointed out that CBF had high elastic modulus, high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, high sound absorption coefficient, good electrical insulation and other excellent properties, and cost-effective advantages, could replace high performance and high price fiber in some fields. At the same time, CBF also had its own unique excellent physical and chemical properties, such as moisture resistance, seawater resistance, chemical corrosion resistance and high and low temperature resistance, in some application fields, CBF had irreplaceable role. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the research and application of new products and technologies of light and high strength basalt fiber materials and composite materials.
- basalt fibre /
- drawing process /
- basalt /
- mineral functional materials /
- green structural materials

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图 1 连续玄武岩纤维数码照片

Figure 1.

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图 2 玄武岩数码照片(a: 致密块状, 产自黑龙江鸡西; b: 气孔状, 产自内蒙古多伦县滦源镇)

Figure 2.

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图 3 玄武岩纤维生产流程示意图^{[10, 19]}

Figure 3.

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表 1 玄武岩纤维与其他纤维主要性能比较

Table 1. Main perforamance comparisons of basalt fibers and others

纤维类型	密度/(g·cm^-3)	抗拉强度/MPa	弹性模量/GPa	延伸率/%	绝缘性能	是否环保	生产成本
玄武岩纤维	2.80	3 000~4 840	79.3~110	3.1	是	是	低
碳纤维	1.78	3 500~6 000	230~600	1.5~2.0	否	否	高
芳纶纤维	1.45	2 900~3 400	70~140	2.4	是	否	高
S-玻璃纤维	2.54~2.57	4 020~4 650	83~86	5.3	是	否	低
E-玻璃纤维	2.54	3 100~3 800	72.5~75.5	4.7	是	否	低
注：(1) S-玻璃纤维为高强玻纤, E-玻璃纤维为无碱玻纤; (2) 据刘嘉麒^[10]和石钱华^[21]整理。

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表 2 玄武岩纤维与其他纤维耐化学腐蚀性能比较

Table 2. Comparison of chemical resistence properties of basalt fiber with others

纤维类型	在水中煮沸3 h后质量损失/%	在NaOH中煮沸3 h后质量损失/%	在HCl中煮沸3 h后质量损失/%
玄武岩纤维	1.60	2.75	2.20
S-玻璃纤维	5.00	5.00	15.70
E-玻璃纤维	6.20	6.00	38.90
注：引自Jamshaid et al. ^[8]。

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表 3 玄武岩纤维与其他纤维热性能比较

Table 3. Comparison of thermal properties of basalt fiber with others

纤维类型	可承受的温度/℃	最高使用温度/℃	熔化温度/℃	导热系数/(W·m^-1·K^-1)	热膨胀系数(10^-6K^-1)
玄武岩纤维	-260~+800	650	1450	0.031~0.038	8.0
碳纤维	-5~+700	500	/	/	/
S-玻璃纤维	50~+300	250	1550	0.034~0.04	5.4
E-玻璃纤维	-50~+450	300	1120	0.034~0.04	5.4
注：引自汪灵^[1]; Sergeev et al. ^[22]; Olafsson et al. ^[23]; Haeberle et al. ^[24]。

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