Structure Tailoring of Halloysite Nanotubes and Their Application in New Materials Area
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摘要:
国家"双碳"战略对非金属矿的保护和利用提出了更高的要求，其中黏土矿物具有独特的微观结构和化学组成，其广泛的来源和丰富的储量使其在新材料产业发展中占有越来越重要的地位。埃洛石属于高岭土族黏土矿物，是一种1 GA6FA 1型铝硅酸盐矿物材料。其主要特点是具有中空管状结构、长径比大、比表面积高、孔结构丰富、吸附能力强、无毒无害和应用广泛。详细介绍了其物化性质和形态结构调控的策略，涵盖了矿物加工、提纯分级、结构调控、化学修饰、组装排列等方面；进而系统梳理了埃洛石纳米管在高性能复合材料、环境保护材料、生物医用材料、新能源材料和催化材料领域的应用进展；最后，指出了相关领域研究开发的不足之处，对管状埃洛石矿物资源开发和利用的发展前景进行了展望。
Abstract:The "carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals" of China has raised more requirements for protection and utilization of non-metallic minerals. Halloysite is one type of kaolin clay with 1 GA6FA 1 aluminosilicate layered structure. Halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) show unique empty lumen morphology, which have advantages such as high aspect ratio, large surface area, high porosity, good adsorption ability, low toxicity, and numerous application fields. In this paper, the physicochemical and morphological properties of HNTs were introduced. The related mineral processing, purification method, structural tailoring, chemical modification, assembly behavior of HNTs were involved. Then, the applications of HNTs in high-performance composites, environmental protection, biomedicine, new energy materials and catalyst were systematically reviewed. Finally, the problems of the research and development of HNTs were pointed out, and the development direction of the tubular clay mineral materials was prospected.
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Key words:
- halloysite /
- kaolinite /
- nanotube /
- purification /
- functional materials /
- structural tailoring
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图 3 埃洛石热处理前后的形貌变化：(a)埃洛石的SEM照片；(b)埃洛石的TEM照片；(c)600 ℃处理后埃洛石的TEM照片；(d)900 ℃处理后埃洛石TEM照片和电子衍射图[9]
Figure 3.
表 1 山西某地埃洛石原矿的主要化学成分
/% Table 1. Chemical composition of halloysite mineral from Shanxi province
成分 SiO2 Al2O3 MgO SO3 CaO Fe2O3 Cl K2O 含量 58.59 40.57 0.33 0.22 0.14 0.07 0.06 0.02 
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